Foreign Players in English Football

On 30 December 2009, the Barclays Premier League football coordinate among Arsenal and Portsmouth made English football history as the primary match not to incorporate any British players. Arsenal’s group of multi-million pound remote stars dominated the match serenely, 4-1; some would contend this is the only thing that is in any way important, however the individuals who are enthusiastic about football †the genuine specialists of the English game †will perceive a profound fundamental issue. Current football is unrecognizable contrasted with what has gone before it.In times past, groups were formed by supporting youthful home-developed ability and reinforcing the crew with a couple of fellows from Scotland and Ireland. Presently the regular accord is that to make any progress it is important to grab the eye of an exceedingly rich oil mogul who will purchase the club and continue to spend ? 200 million every year on overrated ability from the four corners of the worl d. This ethos is crushing British football. For instance in the Premier League there are 337 enrolled remote players speaking to an aggregate of 66 distinctive countries.That likens to a normal of 17 outside players for each crew; the midpoints in Italy, France and Spain are all around 10. On the primary day of the debut Premier League season in 1992 only 22 non-British players began; on the main day of this season 124 began. It isn’t right that achievement ought to be founded on fund, right? In 2004 Russian very rich person Roman Abramovich purchased Chelsea F. C. , a group which hadn’t won the association since 1954. He sprinkled a luxurious measure of cash on the creme de la creme of outside ability from around the globe.Three seasons later they encountered phenomenal achievement which, could never have occurred without the money infusion. Nonetheless, it was completely accomplished with only three normally playing British players, who just made the crew since they were outstanding gifts which cash couldn't supplant. This set another benchmark for all the top groups in the land, making an understood articulation that on the off chance that they needed to coordinate Chelsea’s achievement they would need to coordinate Chelsea’s spending and penance their home-developed players or hazard being left behind.In 1995 the British exchange record was ? 7,000,000; by 2006 the record had pointedly ascended to ? 30,800,000, and player compensation were spiraling crazy. The facts confirm this has lead to more grounded crews, and the Premier League being seen as the most grounded group in the World, with predictable achievement in Europe, yet would it be able to be all in all correct to forfeit our own players for this achievement? I think not. Writers, intellectuals and pretty much every football fan in England have framed their own hypotheses concerning England’s hopeless disappointment at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.Many cause s have been recommended, yet to me the explanation is self-evident. In the event that one investigations the groups which were best in South Africa, an unequivocal pattern shows up. Spain won the World Cup this year. Many contend that they arrived at the last against Holland primarily on the grounds that 77. 1% of footballers in their residential alliance are able to play for the national group, an immediate aftereffect of home-developed players being given the open door in their clubs' first groups. In the Premier League less than 40% of players are English. Jose Luis Astiazaran, leader of the Spanish Football League, said. Our methodology is to buckle down with youthful home-developed players and to attempt to have a blend among them and experienced players†¦ we put moreâ and more in youthful Spanish players than in youthful outside players. Britain hasâ many times taken youthful players from outside†¦ these sorts of players are not English. This is one of the most sig nificant contrasts among Spain and England. We contribute inâ young Spanish players†¦ perhaps this is the reason right now you are not making youthful English players. † One view is that outside players advantage the English players, who obviously perform better close by the World’s best. I think †don’t you? that if more cash, time, and consideration were placed into developing the plenitude of youthful English ability, the English players themselves would be the world’s best. The Premier League have perceived this, and this year the F. A. executed new crew rules controlling the quantity of remote players in every crew. This is a beginning towards lessening the measure of remote players in the class, yet the guidelines are excessively free and simple to go around. Outside players can be purchased in since early on and created in the foundations; this implies the youthful Englishmen still don’t get the consideration they want so as to prop el their careers.In my sentiment the deluge of remote players in England is the absolute most hindering variable in the game, prompting over-swelled exchange expenses, increment in ticket costs, a work in progress of home-developed players and eventually the demolition of the national group. The Premier League must survey its strategies, and clubs must put resources into their foundations or English national football will keep on crumbling great into the future, thus numerous youthful hopeful footballers will be thrown away, and I for one can't witness that to the game I thus numerous different Brits love.

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay

The examination study is a signifier of thought, how to investigate dependent on insight and feeling. As a chief self image break down to accept about fizzling and qualities. In this examination, it is have to focus on conveying achievements, cut heading, run bearing, peril course, investigation, self rationale and course ( self judgment, self rating, self response, and vanity ) , work goals, crew effectivity and undertaking arranging. The main points of this investigation are expected to talk and focus on following segment: Long lasting larning after this theory class understanding Experience and Importance of gathering work and relationship with crew individuals Significance to keep up everyday dairy for long count endeavors, for example, thesiss, look into work contemplates or any long capable endeavors. Examination is a progression of measure to see down for future notice and help Significance of investigation and research we accomplished for our venture handling of running endeavor Nature of business related to point Coach and gathering individuals proposal and prompts so note down in thought dairy Essentially agonizing discernment is a technique to dissect him/her personality inside and significantly and occurring out the issue of unsteadiness, settle somewhere around the experience which makes the importance of sense of self. Also, gains from a similar redundancy experience and transformed him/her sense of self effectually by the result of encounters. Reflection design is the signifier of inner self cognizance and conscience appraisal and portrays the outcome and consequences of individual ‘s actions.Remembrance of Experiences ( Weekly Detailed Dairy )WeekDateActivity01 14 - 06-2010 First hebdomad, we went to the introduction meeting of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and larn how to make an investigation and how to follow the arrangement and so forth from strong mentor. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the detailed data about way to set the referencing in our examination and module enchiridion of AMP was given to us all. Following twenty-four hours action was about the written falsification and turnitinUK. JBK clarified us sing rethinking and normal for turnitinUK. They other than helped us in chase of related articles from computerized library. First clasp, I have discovered that how to set cardinal words in progress chase and procure the journals and articles called levelheaded research to independence and back up our work. Burglarize clarified us about the thought investigation and how it is significant with our examination and what makes a decent consideration study and what ought to be the development of study. After that we have gathered enchiridion of AMP subject. During this hebdomad we have framed a gathering of 10 individuals as we as a whole prior cooperated so we knew one another. One thing in support of us that working with known gathering individuals will chop down clasp brought to get down acting and anxiety of each edge of work. Get bringing down of this hebdomad we as a whole felt energized and hopeful. As we got data about work we turned out to be additionally perceiving, puzzled and uncertain and our subject other than made us extremely uncertain and biting the dust. Yet, after two yearss encephalon sloping with bunch individuals and expound treatment with mentor consoled us, and gave us clarification and indicated right way. All in all we discovered that wide extent of assets and journals are accessible in our library ; it was examined that without the mentor insight might be we would be on the erroneous way. We other than comprehend the significance of refering to. The most effective method to looking into the stuff from various journalists and significance of sharing contemplations each piece great as we comprehend the significance of optional research. Found out about the significance of the clasp course in embraced and appropriate referencing ; might be some activity will be experienced during the endeavor like in close to home arranging and in pull offing a gathering. Learning arrangement in this hebdomad would resemble how to happen important data all the more usefully and educated the interest to keep records about everyday exercises of progression. 02 21-06-2010.This hebdomad, I have perused the enchiridions and all stuff given by mentor. Two articles in enchiridion are extremely much accommodating for understanding the subject. Today we start our endeavor ; we did research and discovered 5-6 articles about imprint showcase decision and distinction somewhere in the range of B2B and B2C designs. Standing up to much difficulty in examine about the important subject in light of the fact that our subject is a lot of tricky and bewildering. Following two twenty-four hours battling and with various cardinal words as recommended by mentor, we came at one purpose of start. Need to comprehend the blend Main Report like how to pull grounds and assess and present our ain thoughts in Report. It was prompted that the main investigation ought to be blend rather than spellbinding. A bunch of hurdlings came while looking for the subjects. To twenty-four hours I got some utile articles and in the wake of perusing got some utile purposes of my requests. This hebdomad we had a gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the anxiety of subjects and their cardinal phrasings for chase. 03 28-06-2010 This hebdomad, encountering a lot of difficulty while perusing, reevaluating and looking at the articles of various authors and various sides sing my subject and cardinal words. Before begin making the writing reappraisal, I should require to comprehend and examine the Harvard System for appropriate referencing. So Google it and occur and comprehend the numerous methods of seting refering to for article, journals and books, for example, articles with losing day of the month, losing essayist ‘s name, with mutiple or two author ‘s work and so on. Today, I began my work on proposition and I made a booklet of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them so do the incorporate point from them I have been begun my work from writing reappraisal which is the main natural structure of the examination wherein we needs to set our capacity to deliver a nature of work at that place. I had composed my amalgamation point from two articles. This hebdomad we had a second gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the anxiety of subjects and bit a few considerations each piece great as looked through article with one another other than our endeavor chief direct us some utile subject identified with solicit foring stamp from innovative arrangements. I have chosen to part my work section shrewd as guided us by our AMP staff Coordinator. So we come the point that work ought to be start from writing reappraisal region. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my result ; I had passed my in all resources. Thankss to Almighty GOD. Today I other than audit the one more article which is introduced in a universal gathering sing issues identified with ICT looking by SMEs organizations. So separate some central point from this article and note down. In our gathering we examined about the distinction between E-business and E-initiate, it found about an intricate perusing that e-begin is connected to the B2B and e-business is connected with B2C. Besides from surveies one thing come out that is computerized related stocks and advanced inconsequential product. Our endeavor crew pioneer clarified and obviously separated that carefully related product for example bundle applications, migrant telephones, advanced cameras were progressively appropriate for web based business, and all the more simple sold over the internet not at all like carefully random stocks like furniture where buyers must want look at genuinely before a buy is made. We other than talked about and concentrated further on the cardinal issues and thought sing the stamp greeting for site improvement arrangement. 05 12-07-2010 In writing reappraisal, looking at of all examination laborers and journalists work applicable to subject is extremely much hard and distinctive nature of work for me. It is seen that all exploration specialist thinking the comparative issue that affecting the activity while organization is making a trip to B2C showcase and recommends a similar interest and cardinal thought. As I am holding the principal involvement with this level of writing reappraisal and work yet it is tremendously intrigued and knowing endeavor for me. It is extremely simple to go astray from the first subject during the writing rethinking technique. Sensed that entertainment from my unique subject in this bit of work. May God help me to make this in great and most ideal ways identified with request theme request. 06 19-07-2010 This hebdomad I was non ready to chip away at my examination because of my some close to home fight and some family unit issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This hebdomad, I began to comprehend and reconsider a few articles and paperss on offering. As I have to comprehend that how to request the stamp for mechanical and bundle arrangements. Issues come up while creating on approach foring stamps for innovative arrangement. Since greeting of stamps for capable and non capable arrangement are a lot of confounding and related work. Be that as it may, feel comparative intriguing as I am holding the new expertness and expertness in this new nation of offering. I do n't hold any understanding of perusing such kind of paperss. As I was stuck on the proportion of ask foring stamp so today I talked with the crew chief of our gathering so she help me out in anxiety of this particular point that what are the cardinal interest for ask foring the stamps as I was accepting on the configuration like that sing offering yet she comprehended my issue and sent a few articles for writing reappraisal identified with this. She is extremely much helping individual and pleasant woman and she ought to be a decent crew pioneer in future. 08 02-08-2010 Disarray creation on welcome stamp for web advancement that whether it should b E-offering or typical customary way. Another issue that I was standing up to that in the vast majority of offering article there is no legitimate author or research specialist name. Generally the organization and hierarchical name are referenced w

Highly Sensitive Person Traits That Create More Stress

Highly Sensitive Person Traits That Create More Stress Theories Personality Psychology Print Highly Sensitive Person Traits That Create More Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 16, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 16, 2019 Jovo Jovanovic/Stocksy United More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is an HSP? Frequency Signs Stress Experience Coping View All Back To Top Have you ever been told that you’re “too sensitive” or that you “shouldn’t think so much,” particularly by people who strike you as too insensitive or who perhaps should think a little more? You may be what is known as a “highly sensitive person,” or HSP. What Is an HSP? Highly sensitive people are generally known as being “empaths” and may also be referred to as having sensory processing sensitivity, or SPS for short. People may have labeled you “highly sensitive” or “too sensitive” in the past and meant it as a negative thing, but this is not necessarily negative as much as it is a personality trait that brings both strengths and challenges. Yes, it is possible to be too easily offended by people who mean no harm or who are trying their best to be kind. Likewise, it is possible to overreact to daily stressors or relationship issues, particularly if you become emotionally aggressive as a response. However, being a highly sensitive person (or HSP for the sake of brevity) doesn’t necessarily mean that you imagine negative motives in people when they are not there; it is more that you may perceive them more easily, or you may be affected more deeply by negative experiences, which is not necessarily a weakness. If you know how to manage the unique features of being an HSP, you can make it more of a strength and less of a challenge in your life. To do this, it helps to understand what you’re dealing with, whether you are reading this for yourself or trying to build a deeper understanding of someone in your life who may be highly sensitive. How Common Are HSPs? Psychologists Elaine Aron and Arthur Aron, a husband and wife pair, coined the term HSP in the 1990s and have extensively studied and published on the topic. Researchers found that HSPs make up roughly 15 to 20 percent of the general population, so they are not as exceedingly rare as they may sometimes feel. That said, highly sensitive is a less common way to be, and our society tends to be built around people who notice a little less and are affected a little less deeply. Therefore, it helps to recognize the differences and make adjustments to minimize the stress that can come at greater levels to HSPs. This is true for those who recognize themselves as highly sensitive as well as those who have someone they care for who is more sensitive than the average person. How to Identify an HSP High sensitivity applies across a few different categories. It is important to remember that being an HSP does not mean that you have a diagnosable condition; it is a personality trait that involves increased responsiveness to both positive and negative influences. There are several traits or characteristics common to HSPs. According to the researchers who identified this personality trait, here’s what to look for. Being overwhelmed by sensory stimuli like noisy crowds, bright lights, or uncomfortable clothingFeeling the need to avoid violent movies or TV shows because they feel too intense and leave you feeling unsettledFeeling not just a preference, but a need for downtime, especially when you have hectic days; needing to retreat to a dark, quiet roomBeing deeply moved by beauty, either expressed in art, nature, or the human spirit, or sometimes even a good commercialHaving a rich and complex inner life, complete with deep thoughts and strong feelings that go with it For a more thorough or “official” identification, there is a personality questionnaire that these researchers developed to help people identify themselves as HSPs, which is known as Aron’s Highly Sensitive Persons Scale (HSPS) questionnaire and is available on their website. How HSPs Experience Stress Not surprisingly, highly sensitive people tend to get more stressed by things that many people experience stressful, plus a few things that may roll off of other people’s backs. Social stress, which is perceived as more taxing to most people than other types of stress, can be particularly taxing on someone who can perceive many different ways that things could go wrong in a conflict, for example, or can perceive hostility or tension where others may not notice it. Here are a few specific things that can be significantly stressful for the highly sensitive. Hectic Schedules Not everyone loves being too busy, but some people thrive on the excitement and exhilaration of a busy life. HPSs, on the other hand, feel overwhelmed and rattled when they have too much to do in a short amount of time, even if they technically have enough time to get everything done if they rush. The need to juggle  the uncertainty of maybe not being able to make it all work and the pressure of such situations feels overwhelmingly stressful. Expectations of Others Highly sensitive people tend to pick up on the needs and feelings of others. They hate letting people down. Learning to say no is a challenge and a necessity for HSPs because they can feel crushed by the demands of others, particularly because they can feel their friends’ disappointment if HSPs need to say no or can’t do what is expected of them. They tend to be their own worst critics and can feel responsible for the happiness of others, or at least acutely aware of it when there are negative emotions floating around. Conflicts As mentioned, HSPs may be more prone to being stressed by conflict because they may be more aware of it when there is trouble brewing in a relationship, including when things just feel a little “off” with someone who may not be communicating that there is a problem. They can be prone to the stress of social comparison as well.  They may feel the negative feelings of the other person as well as their own feelings, and they may experience them more strongly and deeply than others. They may be more aware of both the possibilities to improve things and upset when potentially good outcomes give way to more negative outcomes through the course of a deteriorating conflict. They may also be more upset when they realize that a relationship is over, feeling that things could have been resolved, whereas someone else may feel there is nothing that could be done and walks away. The highly sensitive may feel the loss more acutely as well and engage in rumination. Tolerations Life coaches refer to those daily energy drains that we all have as ?tolerations,  as in “things we tolerate” that create stress and aren’t strictly necessary. Distractions may feel more frustrating for the HSP who is trying to concentrate, for example, or foul smells in one’s house may be felt more strongly and make relaxation more elusive for an HSP in a messy home. They are more easily startled by surprises. They get “hangry” when hungryâ€"they don’t tolerate it well. In this way, life’s daily stressors often add up to more frustration for the highly sensitive. Personal Failures As mentioned, HSPs are their own worst critics. That means they are more prone to rumination and self-doubt. They may remember for quite a while if they make an embarrassing mistake, and feel more embarrassed about it than the average person would. They don’t like being watched and evaluated when they are attempting something challenging, and can even mess up because of the stress of being watched. They are more often perfectionists, but may also be more aware of the ways that this stress is not inevitable and of how it is affecting them. Being Deeply Moved Feeling things more deeply has an upside as well. Highly sensitive people tend to feel deeply moved by the beauty they see around them. They have been known to cry while watching particularly heartwarming videos about puppies on YouTube, and can really feel the feelings of others, both negative and positive. They care deeply about their friends and tend to form deep bonds with the right people. They really appreciate a fine wine, a good meal, a beautiful song, and many of the finer things in life on a level that most people cant access. They may feel more existential angst, but they also may feel more gratitude for what they have in life, knowing that it is possibly fleeting and nothing is certain. Their lows may be lower, but their highs have the potential to be higher as well. Stress Relief for the Highly Sensitive Much of your stress relief plan as a highly sensitive person can involve insulating yourself from too many stimuli. Put a barrier between you and sensory stimuli that feel overwhelming. Dont watch those late-night slasher movies. Stay away from people who sap your positive energy, make heavy demands on you, or make you feel bad about yourself. Learn to say no to overwhelming demands and feel OK  with it, and create a perimeter in your life. Set up your home as a soothing environment and a safe space for yourself emotionally. Create some extra positive experiences in your schedule to insulate you from additional stress you may encounter. And above all, know what triggers stress in you, and learn to avoid these things. How to Develop a Stress Reduction Plan That Works

Definition of Sociology Terms Hidden Curriculum

Hidden curriculum is a concept that describes the often unarticulated and unacknowledged things students are taught in school and that may affect their learning experience. These are often unspoken and implied lessons unrelated to the academic courses theyre taking — things learned from simply being in school. Hidden curriculum is an important issue in the sociological study of how schools can generate social inequality. The term has been around for some time but it was popularized in 2008 with the publication Curriculum Development by P.P.  Bilbao, P. I.  Lucido, T. C. Iringan and R. B. Javier. The book addresses a variety of subtle influences on students learning, including the social environment in a school, teachers moods and personalities, and their interactions with their students. Peer influence is also a significant factor.   The Physical School Environment   A substandard school environment can be a component of hidden curriculum because it can impact learning. Children and young adults dont focus and learn well in cramped, dimly lit and poorly ventilated classrooms, thus students in some inner-city schools and those located in economically challenged areas may be at a disadvantage. They may learn less and take this with them into adulthood, resulting in the lack of college educations and poorly paying employment. Teacher-Student Interaction   Teacher-student interaction can contribute to a hidden curriculum as well. When a teacher does not like a particular student, he may do everything he can to avoid displaying that feeling, but the child can often pick up on it anyway. The child learns that she is unlikable and invaluable. This problem can also arise from a lack of understanding about students home lives, details of which are not always available to teachers. Peer Pressure   The influence of peers is a significant component of hidden curriculum. Students dont attend school in a vacuum. Theyre not always seated at desks, focused on their teachers. Younger students have recess together. Older students share lunch and gather outside the school building before and after classes. Theyre influenced by the pull and tug of social acceptance. Bad behavior can be rewarded in this environment as a positive thing. If a child comes from a home where her parents cannot always afford lunch money, she may be ridiculed, teased and made to feel inferior.   Results of Hidden Curriculum   Female students, students from lower-class families and those belonging to subordinate racial categories are often treated in ways that create or reinforce inferior self-images. They may also be often granted less trust, independence or autonomy, and they may be more willing to submit to authority for the rest of their lives as a result. On the other hand, students who belong to dominant social groups tend to be treated in ways that enhance their self-esteem, independence, and autonomy. Theyre therefore more likely to be successful. Young students and challenged students, such as those suffering from autism or other conditions, may be especially susceptible. School is a good place in the eyes of their parents, so what happens there must also be good and right. Some children lack the maturity or ability to differentiate between good and bad behavior in this environment.

The Age Of Modern America - 1411 Words

It was the Compromise of 1877 that brought reconstruction in the south to an end. The compromise called for the withdraw of federal troops in the southern states, promised that a southern would be appointed as Postmaster General, offered the south federal subsidies, and in return, Rutherford Hayes would become president, and reconstruction would officially be over (Peskin). The closing of one chapter lead to a new one: the birth of modern America., the Gilded Age. Major changes were taking place in the country, almost all being a result of the rapid industrialization that was taking place. Cities thrived with people, most seeking out work. Inventions flourished, light flooded the streets with the widespread availability of electricity and the lightbulb. Time were definitely changing, especially within the social classes of America. The changes effected the classes in many different ways: the wealthy suddenly became wealthier, and the middle class moved up in the ranks, as well. The s ame could not be said for the lower classes, though, particularly the working-class. For them, times were tough, poverty was widespread and conditions were unsafe in almost any environment they inhabited. Despite the industrial revolution being a positive for many of the social classes in America, it was very detrimental to the working-class in that it lead to urbanization and overcrowding of cities, many people taking jobs in dangerous factories, and a seemingly disorganized family life. It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Transition Of Medieval And Modern Times1235 Words   |  5 Pagestransition of Medieval to Modern happened over a long period of time. The middle ages marked a dark time in Europe’s history, and the people were anxious to get out. The Renaissance began, and art emerged to create a brighter society. During the Reformation, the country shifted away from the Roman Catholic Church, and many Protestant religions emerged. The Scientific Revolution also marked a change in medical to modern by creating new ways to look at the world and mathematics. The Age of Discovery markedRead More The Human Condition: Freedom Expropriated by Corporations Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesuseful for looking at America today. American citizens have been displaced from the Arendtian model of the modern age. The American government has lost its freedom by having been expropriated from the realm of freedom in the vita activa. Capitalism and large corporations now wield the most power and economic influence in America today. This explanation has become increasingly more appropriate in describing the role of oil corporations in America, in light of the actions America has taken since theRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Arranged Marriage1347 Words   |  6 Pagesyou desire. The long-age tradition of having arranged marriages in other countries and even in cultures in America today, arranged marriages have different meanings and circumstances. Some countries like China and India have modernized their tradition of arranging marriages, while other countries still use arranged marriages for wealth and status in society. Although, at the core, arranged marriages restrict any women’s rights under forceful circumstances. Divorce rates in America have reached a highRead MoreCompetitive Behaviors And Practices, By Cathy Davidson, And Rent Seeking And The Making Of An Unequal Society Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesEver since a young age, the youth of the United States are taught that they must strive to be the best they can be. This would ultimately result in one possessing a competitive edge, once one enters the selection process of joining one of many higher institutions of education or the job market. In the essays â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony,† and â€Å"Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society,† respectfully by, Cathy Davidson, Karen Ho, and Joseph Stiglitz, the topic ofRead MoreThe Rise Of Modern America854 Words   |  4 Pagesexamine the rise of â€Å"modern America†, there were economic, religious, and aspect of life changes took place and it was greatly changed the Americans society’s perceptions, specifically, t he north and the south. The rise of â€Å"modern America† was greatly motivated immigrants to come to the United States for economic opportunity, industrialization in the North after the civil war created new businesses and job regulations, and the demand for social changes; all of these factors shaped America socially, politicallyRead MoreHistory Of American Comic Comics Superheroes1191 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of American Comic Book Superheroes. 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Media influence on homosexuals Free Essays

string(271) " sexual orientation in a sitcom where she is in the waiting room of an airport trying to tell a woman that she is attracted to her, instead she announces it to the whole audience by accidentally leaning over a microphone Ellen DeGeneres is undoubtedly a charming person\." Those who are interested in how media has influenced the LGBT community. Essay Question: How has the media influenced the LGBT community and society’s view on the LGBT community? Thesis: One main contributing factor that has impacted our societys view on gay marriage is how they have been portrayed on the screen, by celebrities and in the media. Rationale: My original paper was supposed to be about weddings and social media but I found that to be too broad and extremely difficult to research. We will write a custom essay sample on Media influence on homosexuals or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a couple days of thinking I decided to narrow that topic even more. I decided on how the media has effected society’s opinion on homosexuality because I thought it was interesting to see how much the mass media can affect our views on something so controversial. Strengths and Problems: Argument: Some may argue that the media’s influence is not a good thing because a lot of people are still against homosexuals but I believe it is something that we cannot avoid. My argument is stronger in this final draft, but may still be confusing. Evidence: I spent a lot of time trying to research this topic because this is something IVe never thought about before this paper so it is very unfamiliar to me. Once I started researching though it was apparent how much TV has influenced me and my views on homosexuality, which can be seen in my introductory paragraph. I was so surprised to find out about the term, contact hypothesis. Before this paper, I knew the definition but wasn’t sure if there was a term for it. Organizational: I definitely tried to make this paper flow more smoothly. Writing the transition were a little difficult though. I still feel like my conclusion is very weak, I struggled for a long time but could not come up with something that would wrap up the essay better. Style: I’m ot sure what to describe my style as. I Just hope the readers will be able to relate. Revisions and Discoveries: I added more about Ellen DeGeneres, and I also added a paragraph about the film, Valentine’s Day. I took out the paragraph about adopting children because I realized that there wasn’t much correlation with what the media has done. Questions: Am I using the terms of gays, lesbians, homosexuals and LGBT correctly? Which evidence stood out the most? Yvonne English MiddelJans Media and Homosexuality Autumn 2013 What do we typical think of when we hear the word gay or lesbian? Is it a flamboyant male or a tomboy female? Many years ago this may have been the case and to some it still may be. But when I hear the word gay or lesbian I automatically think about my favorite show, Greys Anatomy and the lesbian couple who are attractive and nothing like tomboys. Homosexuality is one of the most controversial topics in our society but in the past t years our opinions and dispositions nave change d. One main contributing factor that has impacted our society’s view on gay marriage is how they have been portrayed on the screen, by celebrities and in the media. On January 1 lth, 973 PBS released its first broadcast of, An American Family. The show was a twelve hour documentary series that followed the Loud family of Santa Barbra, California. An American family spanned out into a twelve week show following Bill and Pat Loud and their five children, Lance, Kevin, Grant, Delilah and Michele. This documentary challenged the traditional views of an American middle class family. Unlike shows such as, The Brady Bunch and Leave it to Beaver, which depicted a happy and perfect family, The American Family showed a family going through a divorce and their oldest on, Lance’s decision to tell his parents about his homosexuality (An American Family). Lance is widely believed to be the first gay person in American reality television and because of this it has made him a well-known, â€Å"gay icon† to the LGBT community. Lance went on to be a part of a popular band, â€Å"The Mumps† and died at the age of 50 in 2001 due to Hepatitis C and HIV. Lance was an inspiration and paved the way for homosexuals in the media. Since Lance Longs premier on television many popular shows and movies have aired that have a lead or supporting actor/ actress that is a homosexual or portrays a homosexual. Most of these portrayals have had a positive influence on the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. As more LGBT celebrities came out about their sexual orientation the more acceptable it became for LGBT characters to appear on television. This is a great example of the Contact Hypothesis and the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. The Contact Hypothesis can be accredited to Gordon W. Allport and states that â€Å"under appropriate conditions, interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis is similar but focuses on one sided relationships. For example, how an individual may know about a celebrity through mass medias but that celebrity does not know about the individual (Schiappa) In 2008 it was briefly legal for homosexuals to become married. Ellen DeGeneres and her partner of then four years, Portia de Rossi took this window of opportunity to become married. DeGeneres lied about her sexual orientation for many years. She made her television debut on The Tonight Show in 1986 and that same year the AIDS epidemic was at its high so a ot of homosexuals were not ready to reveal their sexual orientation due to the fear of being Judged or out casted by society. Ten years later Ellen DeGeneres had the opportunity to have her own show, Ellen. Yet she still decided to keep her orientation a secret. In 1997 during the fourth season of her show, DeGeneres decided to come out about her sexual orientation in a sitcom where she is in the waiting room of an airport trying to tell a woman that she is attracted to her, instead she announces it to the whole audience by accidentally leaning over a microphone Ellen DeGeneres is undoubtedly a charming person. You read "Media influence on homosexuals" in category "Papers" DeGeneres has won 49 out of 51 award nominations and won the hearts of many Americans. Just some of the great roles she has been a part of include hosting the Emmy Awards, Judging season nine of American Idol and using her popularity to bring awareness to many humanitarian efforts. DeGeneres has supported over 35 different charities including Susan G. Komen for the Cure and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (Neary). Ellen DeGeneres is another perfect example ot the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. We know everything about ner because of the media, and by seeing her positive influence on the world we have an nclination to like her. In 2008 the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) did a survey of more than 2,000 U. S. adults 18 and older and found that two out of ten changed their views of homosexuals to a more positive view point in the past five years. Thirty four percent said their views were influenced by seeing a gay or lesbian character on television and twenty nine percent said it was by a gay or lesbian character on film (Watercutter). It’s amazing how societys view of homosexuals can be changed from a negative to a positive understanding by the power of mass medias. Before the LGBT community was represented on television or films, society did not have an accurately representation of what gays and lesbians were like. Probably thinking that being a homosexual is unnatural and even a mental illness! Some people may still believe that but since being exposed to LGBT characters from shows like Friends (Carol and Susan), Greys Anatomy (Calliope and Arizona) and Will Grace it has enabled society to be more welcoming or sympathetic towards the LGBT community and resulting in LGBT individuals feeling less like an outcast. The media has also helped promote the realization that omosexuality is very much a part of todays culture in the United States. One of the longest running television shows with gay characters is Will Grace. Over the eight year span on this television show (1998-2006) Will Grace has earned sixteen Emmy Awards and eight-three nominations with an average of 17. 3 million viewers a week at its peak in 2001. Will Grace is a show that positively portrays two gay men with completely different personalities. Will Truman is a gay attorney whose orientation is not necessarily made clear at first to a viewer but his co-star Jack McFarland fits the tereotypical homosexual male. Jack is â€Å"flamboyantly gay, continually unemployed and a self-described actor/dancer/choreographer. † (Schiappa). By showing two different personalities of gay men it can help us better understand that yes, there are homosexual men that are flamboyant but a homosexual man can also take form in a charming and handsome man such as Will Truman. Another idea that was promoted or bought up in Will Grace is when Will married his long time on-again off-again love affair, Vince and then two of them went on to raise a son together. This brings up he idea of same-sex marriage and how two homosexuals can raise a child together which many people still think is not appropriate but Will Grace have brought attention to issues like these that the LGBT community have to face daily. Although there aren’t as many films that help bring awareness to the LGBT community there are usually small supporting actors that will portray a homosexual. One movie that comes to mind is, Valentine’s Day. Valentine’s Day follows intertwining couples and single people in Los Angeles and what they expect on this day of love. There is Holden Wilson who is portrayed by Bradly Cooper. Wilson is on the plane chatting up a character played by Julia Roberts. They start to talk about their lives and how Wilson is recently single. Up until the end of the movie not much is told about Wilson’s personal life. Then there is Sean Jackson, played by Eric Dane who is a top NFL player who is contemplating retiring from his career. During a press conference Jackson says that typically someone retires because they want to spend more time with their families but Jackson has not been able to do that because he is gay and nas nad to hide his sexual orientation tor the sake ot his career. The reporters are confused on whether or not Jackson will continue to play. He makes it clear that he is going to continue playing in the NLF but he did not want his goals of having a family postponed due to his previous fear of coming out. One of the ending scenes is Wilson surprising Jackson at his home. Throughout the entire movie I had no idea that either characters were homosexuals. Jackson and Wilson are both very handsome and their characters in the movies showed no signs of the stereotypical gay man. This shows that anyone can be gay and that the â€Å"stereotypical† homosexual individual is a tereotype that is slowly dying. By making the characters Wilson and Jackson relatable it helps us as a society have a more accurate representation that anyone around us can be a homosexual and not Just the old stereotype of flamboyant men and tomboy females. The LGBT community has come a long way since the 1970’s and they are still fighting for equal rights. Because of the portrayals of gays and lesbians in the media and also the uprising of homosexual celebrities it has helped our society become more open minded and welcoming of the LGBT community when ompared to the mindset of the society fifty years ago. Without the media’s influence, where would society be in regards to how much more open minded the world has become of homosexuals? Thanks to the media, it is almost like an approval for individuals that it really is okay to a homosexual and that there is no need to be ashamed. Because if so many people love Ellen, who seems like a normal individual other than the fact that she is a lesbian then there is no need to Judge others on their sexual orientation. How to cite Media influence on homosexuals, Papers

Helen Adams Keller free essay sample

Tuscumbia, Alabama she was the first of two daughters born to Arthur H. Keller and Katherine Adams Keller. Keller wasnt born without sight and hearing and at 6 months old she was speaking. When she was only 18 months old Keller contracted brain fever producing a high body temperature. After a few days after the fever broke, her mother noticed she didnt react when the dinner bell was rung or when someone waved there hand in her face. She had lost both her sight and hearing. In her childhood she developed a limited ethod of communication with Martha Washington, the daughter of the family cook. But eventually Keller became wild and unruly; she would kick and scream when angry, and giggle when happy. In 1886 Kellers mother came across Charles Dickens, she read the education of another deaf and blind child, Laura Bridgman. Keller and her father went to Baltimore to see specialist Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Helen Adams Keller or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page J. Julian Chisolm. Chisolm recommended Alexander Graham Bell who was working with deaf children as well. He suggested the Perkins Institute where they found Anne Sullivan. March 1887 Sullivan came to the Keller home and immediately went to work. She started to teach Keller finger spelling and began with the word doll, to help her understand. Keller was curious then she was defiant, and refused to cooperate with Anne. Sullivan kept working, forcing Helen to learn and go through the lesson. Tantrums increased and Sullivan demanded that she be isolated with Keller so she could get her full attention. They moved into a cottage on the farm. She taught her the word water; she helped her make connections between the objects and the letters by taking her to the water pump and putting her hand under the spout. Keller spelled water into Sullivans hand she responded. Keller began going around to other objects learning their names, and by nightfall she had learned words. In 1890 Keller started speech classes at the Horace Mann School for the deaf. For 25 years she learned to speak so others could understand her. 896 she attended the Cambridge School for Young Ladies, a school for women. She became known publicly and met famous people such as Mark Twain who was impressed with her. Henry H. Rogerss friend with Mark Twain was so impressed he paid for her scholarship to attend Radcliff College. Keller had mastered several methods of communication such as touch-lip reading, Braille, peech, typing, and finger spelling. After college, Keller went to learn more about the world and how she could h elp improve others lives. Beginning and half of the 20th century Keller tackled social and political issues such as womens suffrage, pacifism and birth control. 191 5 she co-founded Helen Keller International to fight causes of blindness and malnutrition. She helped found the American Civil Liberties Union. In 1921 when the blind was established she had a national outlet for her efforts. She joined the Permanent Blind War Relief Fund to help the less fortunate. Soon after college she experienced public prejudice about her disabilities. Press had been overwhelmingly supportive of her and her courage and intelligence. Some criticized her, calling attention to her disabilities. 1936 Kellers teacher and devoted working secretary became Kellers companion after Sullivans death. Age 75, Keller went on the longest trip of her life: a 40,000-mile trip trek across Asia. She brought inspiration and encouragement to millions of people. In 1961 Keller suffered from a series of strokes, and spent the remainder of her life in her home in Connecticut. In her life time she had received doctoral degrees from the Temple University and Harvard University and from the universities of Glasgow, Scotland; Berlin, Germany; Delhi, India; and Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Keller died in her sleep on June 1, 1968, a few weeks before her 88th birthday. In her remarkable life, she stood as a wonderful example of how determination, hard work, and imagination can allow an individual triumph over adversity. Overcoming difficult conditions she grew a respected and world-renowned activist who labored for the betterment of others.

Problems With Hmos Essays - Health In The United States,

Problems With Hmo's Many employees must designate a health plan through their employer. These days, as HMOs (health maintenance organizations) and managed care plans continue to proliferate, that means a choice between bad and worse. As employees line up in the lunch-room for a process called open enrollment, they may be surprised to learn that managed care rates have gone up ? again. The mirage that managed care is cheaper care is finally fading. And, for the first time in years, employees may also have the promise of free choice in medicine in the form of a new method of financing health care. Consumers are already aware of horror stories involving HMOs, but cheap rates persuaded many that managed care is less expensive. Recent rate hikes are proving otherwise. Many patients must go out of network for crucial care. Co-payments are rising. It's little wonder why. As HMO executive Randall Crenshaw, chief medical officer for Cariten Healthcare of Tennessee, recently told the Wall Street Journal, more man aged care patients are becoming frequent fliers; they over utilize health care and drive costs up. The deterioration of managed care stems from a basic economic principle: health care subsidized by government and rationed by bureaucrats is doomed to failure. Canada's socialized medical system, which designates knee replacement an elective, is sending patients scurrying across the border and national health care in the United Kingdom restricts heart transplants to anyone under age 55. Managed care in America is no exception. Congress made health insurance premiums fully tax deductible to employers covering employees' health care in 1942. This discouraged individuals from buying insurance for themselves and encouraged employers to offer benefits. Eventually, employees came to regard health care as an entitlement provided by the employer. In 1965, Congress created Medicare. Seniors were forced into the free-for-all of Medicare, personal responsibility was replaced by paternalism, and, predictably, unrestricted health care for older Americans lead to frenzy of spending by patients and doctors. Those who had clamored for Medicare argued that, since the state subsidizes seniors' medical care, the state ought to pay for everyone's health care. In an act of pragmatism, President Nixon proposed the HMO Act, which Congress passed in 1973. The law gave millions of dollars to HMOs, which, until then, had constituted a small portion of the market. HMOs multiplied rapidly with the new federal giveaways. Managed care, now including PPOs, mushroomed. Employers initially perceived managed care plans as cheaper than traditional fee-for-service insurance. Gradually, they stopped offering a choice of health plans, making individual policies more expensive. HMOs' penetration of the industry had been subsidized into existence. Government had instituted managed care. Today, while overall quality of patient care remains the best in the world, doctors practice medicine in an increasingly intricate web of rationing and regulations: Physicians are stripped of professional autonomy. As patients wander the maze of managed bureaucracy, costs rise and quality deteriorates. Every American dependent on a third party for health coverage is a potential victim of managed care. And state sponsored management of medicine is growing. Last year, Congress and the President increased regulations on the medical profession with the Kennedy Kassebaum legisla tion. This year, Congress approved the President's $24 billion in kiddie care state subsidies. A few politicians (Senotors Kennedy and Wellstone), demand national health care on the grounds that health care is a right. Is health care a right? The Declaration of Independence protects the inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; it does not guarantee happiness or health care. The right to act in your self-interest and provide necessities for yourself means you have the right to choose. A proper solution adopts and protects this right. Fortunately, Congress has the power to preserve the freedom of choice in medicine: they can vote to expand medical savings accounts (MSAs). Approved for a limited test last year, MSAs are used in conjunction with high deductible insurance. Contributions are tax-deductible and money earns interest; funds may be used to cover medical expenses ? including mental health, vision and dental care ? tax-free. MSAs, offered by Merrill Lynch, Time Insurance and Wells Fargo, among others, allow employees to boost savings. MSAs offer patients an escape from managed care and

The Killer Angels Essay

The Killer Angels Essay The novel The Killer Angels, by Michael Sharra is the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863 the union army and the confederate army fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. The book is based on real life people who were a part of the Civil War. The main characters were Gen. Robert Lee from the confederate army, Gen. James Longstreet, and Col. Joshua Chamberlain from the union army. The period covered in this book is Jun. 30-Jul 3, 1863. It takes place in a small town called Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The main cause of the war was because the confederate army wanted to secede from the rest of the states. Most of the story was from the perspective of the confederate leaders, so we were able to really capture what the south was really thinking throughout this whole book. The story for the most part is told in the 3rd person. The confederates controlled Seminary Ridge and the union army controlled Cemetery Hill, Cemetery Ridge, Culp’s Hill, Little Round Top , and Big Round Top. Shaaras book very well tells the story of two great armies, both motivated and fighting for what each believes is a great and just cause, as they come together to fight one of the biggest battles ever fought in the world. This is a great novel of leadership, hardship, and history. Michael Shaara was born in 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He graduated from Rutgers and it was during his college years that he realized he wanted to become a writer. In his early thirties, Shaara published several award-winning science-fiction short stories in the most popular pulp magazines of the day. He then began to write straight fiction and published numerous short stories in Playboy, Redbook, and Cosmopolitan. After finding old letters from his great-grandfather, a member of the 4 th Georgia infantry who had been wounded at Gettysburg, The 1966 trip was followed by another trip in 1970 and seven years of work on the manuscript. In 1974, The Killer Angels was published. It does not make the Confederate side look bad, but instead, without being pro-south, shows the reader that the key ingredient that made the Confederate Army one of the great armies of all times was the fact that the Confederates truly believed in the justice of their cause. He also published a Korean War nov el, called Broken Place, in which the main character seeks to be free of his demons and finds freedom through boxing. This book is based on the words of the men themselves, their letters, and other documents. He said that he avoided historical opinions. He also said he condensed some of the action and cut out some of the minor characters for brevity, but has not changed any facts. He also says he changed some of the language because back then men spoke in windy phrases, so he updated it. The story basically begins with a spy coming to Longstreet and telling him he has seen the union army nearby. Longstreet is surprised at this because J.E.B. Stuart was supposed to be keeping tabs on them. So, his plan was to go north and towards Gettysburg to cut them off. Meanwhile, union Col. Joshua Chamberlain wakes up to find out he has an extra 100 men to add to his regiment, the 20th Maine. They had caused a mutiny, so they were sent down to Chamberlain. They were really tired and hungry and they didn’t really want to fight anymore. Since Chamberlain is a very good speaker, he goes up and gives a very encouraging speech and all the soldiers except for 6 joined the 20th Maine. Gen. Buford of the union army rides into Gettysburg and sees that the confederates are nearby. He then gathers together his men to position them in the hills. The reason for that was he knew that getting the high ground was crucial because if they got the high ground it would be easier to fight the confederates than fighting them below. On the second day Lee wakes up to realize that Stuart still hasn’t come back yet. Since Stuart isn’t there, he doesn’t know where the union army is. He then has a meeting with Longstreet saying that he thinks they should plan defensive tactics to win, but Lee want to attack them and go straight at the union army. Lee didn’t want to go into the defensive mode because if he did it would look like he was retreating and he didn’t want that. The battle begins with the confederates attacking the union army. Buford end having to hold them off until Reynolds and the rest of his troops come. Reynolds then dies and later Lee comes right in the middle of the fight. After the that 1st battle he union army retreated up to the hills and set up cannons and dug places where they could be blocked from the fighting. Longstreet starts to get scares because he knows that the union army has good defensive position in the hills. This doesn’t at all help their stra tegy of swinging southeast to attack the union forces. Meanwhile, Lee is mad at Ewell for not doing what he said and taking Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill. On July 2, Chamberlain moves his regiment to Gettysburg. On his way they come across a slave who escaped and Chamberlain asks Kilrain what he thinks of black people. Kilrain believes u should judge the person by their action instead of judging them by their race. He says he doesn’t understand how they can look into the eyes of a man and make a slave of him and still quote the bible. Back in Gettysburg, Lee’s men want to attack the union army from their 2 flanks to try and weaken their line, but Longstreet still wants to move southeast to DC. Lee however doesn’t agree with him and Longstreet is forced to attack the flank. When Chamberlain finally arrives he and his troops are placed on Little Round Top. Him and his men hold down the hill for a long time but eventually they run out of bullets and Chamberl ain orders a bayonet charge on the confederates. They used a tactic, which was to scream while they were running down the hill to scare the confederates. The union army retained control over Little Round Top, and the confederates lost a lot of men. Later on that night J.E.B. Stuart comes back, and Lee scolds him for not being there to help locate the union army. He rationalizes that since he weakened the two outer flanks the next goal was to bust through the middle of their line. If he could charge through the middle then he could split the army in two. On July 3, Chamberlain moves all his men to the middle of the line because he thought there wouldn’t be much fighting. Longstreet then once again tries to convince Lee that it would be wise to swing southeast toward DC but he says no again. He is intent on attacking the union. So, Longstreet goes along with it and puts Pickett in charge of the assault on the union army. The confederates then shoot guns and cannons at the union to weaken the middle line. The confederated don’t do much damage though because they ended up shooting too high and the cannon balls went overtop of the line. As the confederate troops come across the field the Union fires full force with their cannons, which made big holes in the confederate line and kills many of their troops. Then they come even closer and they kill many more with their guns. Even after they get almost destroyed, Lee’s wounded men beg him to attack again. Then the confederate’s retreat and the battle ends. I felt this was an excellent book. I like the fact that the author made it so that you could focus in on one character a chapter because it helped you to be able to get into the thoughts and moods of the central character of the chapter. Also, I felt the characters in the story were well represented, especially the characters of Lee and Chamberlain. Lee was a very good commander who made really good decisions until the end. He strongly believed in the traditional ways of fighting but he still recognized some of Longstreet’s ideas. Lee’s confidence in his army is what lead to the disaster of Pickett’s Charge. Chamberlain throughout the story is put in a bad position because his brother serves in the army and he might have to send him into battle one day. He’s also a very good public speaker and he shows this when he motivates the 2nd Maine to fight on behalf of the union army or also called the 20th Maine.

Research Paper Introduction_1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Introduction_1 - Essay Example As such, all the aerospace logistics companies, Kuehne+Nagel included, have to morph constantly with respect to the varying trends to survive. Specifically, the market structure affects the business model of a company that has to be compatible with the prevailing market conditions. Kuehne+Nagel is precisely struggling to manage cost positioning that is just a part of the whole issue of market structure. The problem is partly contributed to by the customers who use cost as their tool for choosing an aerospace logistics company, and partly by the presence of several companies who have to scramble for the few clients (Francois, 2012 p. 1). With its traditional business model which did not pay much attention to cost positioning issues, Kuehne+Nagel found itself in financial mess when it had to lower its prices in order to come into equilibrium with that of the market. However, reducing the costs acted as a double-edged sword, drawing clients in but stretching the operations of the compan y. The only solution was to devise such cost-friendly solutions like shared warehousing among

Irs and orgainzed crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Irs and orgainzed crime - Research Paper Example , permanence, hostility or threat of violent behaviour, prohibited ventures, legal business penetration, fraud, and lack of principles (Finklea, 2010, p. 2). The structure, however, is not rigid but is hierarchical. In the United States, organized crime has held its roots for a long time but came to be popular in the 20th century. This was with the penetration of Italian mafia, Russian mafia, Japanese Yakuza and Chinese Tongs that the federal government battled with for most of the century (Finklea, 2010). IRS was established with a mission to offer Americans taxpayers with excellent service through assisting them to comprehend and comply to their tax obligations, as well as enforce the law with integrity and fairness to all (Internal Revenue Service, 2012). Under this mission, the service has a criminal investigations (CI) department. The department seeks to serve the American public by investigating potential criminal violations of the internal revenue code and related financial crimes. The crimes that the IRS investigates include tax evasion, money laundering and Bank Secrecy Act laws. It is only the IRS that has the authority to investigate potential criminal violations of the Internal Revenue Code despite there being other agencies, which deal with the same crimes (Internal Revenue Service, 2012.). For these reasons, the IRS criminal investigation works on a global scale. The federal bureau of investigation attempts to put a stop to organized crime from all over the world. To counter the problem of financial crime, the IRS’s criminal investigations department is divided into three interdependent divisions: Legal Source Tax Crimes; Illegal Source Financial Crimes; and Narcotics Related and Counterterrorism Financial Crimes (Internal Revenue Service, 2012). The service, since the 1919 has attempted, succeeded and failed in investigating organized crime that include narcotics and money laundering. One of the earliest cases is that of Al Capone in the

Analysis of SIF Intrinsic Dynamics

Analysis of SIF Intrinsic Dynamics Abstract. It was recently found that spectral solar incident flux (SIF) as a function of the ultraviolet wavelengths exhibit 1/fà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­type power-law correlations. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the SIF intrinsic dynamics versus a wider range of wavelengths, from 115.5nm to 629.5nm. It seemed that the intermittency of SIF data set was very high and the revealed DFA-n exponents were very close to unity. Moreover, the power spectral density was better fitted algebraically than exponentially with exponent very close to unity. Eliminating the fitting of three different types of Planck formula from SIF data set, scaling exponents very close to unity were derived, indicating that the 1/f scaling dynamics concern not the Planck’s law but its variations. 1. Introduction As it is well known, electromagnetic radiation is continuously emitted by every physical body. This emitted radiation is adequately described by Plancks law near thermodynamic equilibrium at a definite temperature. There is a positive correlation between the temperature of an emitting body and the Planck radiation at every wavelength. As the temperature of an emitting surface increases, the maximum wavelength of the emitted radiation increases too. Smith and Gottlieb (1974) re-examined the subject of photon solar flux and its variations versus wavelength and showed that variations in the extreme ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and in the X-ray of solar flux may reach at high orders of magnitude causing significant changes in the Earth’s ionosphere, especially during major solar flares (Kondratyev et al. 1995; Kondratyev and Varotsos 1996; Alexandris et al. 1999; Melnikova 2009; Xue et al. 2011). Simon (1978) examined the solar irradiance fluxes from 120 to 400 nm and suggested that the internal scaling properties of solar radiation during the eleven-year cycle is still unknown, as the cause of the available solar data discrepancies can not be attributed to solar activity. Solanki and Unruh (1998) proposed simple models of the total solar irradiance variations versus wavelength showing that variations on solar flux are mainly caused by magnetic fields at the solar surface. Solar observations may be reproduced by a model of three parameters: the quiet Sun, a facular component and the temperature stratification of sunspots. Tobiska et al. (2000) developed a forecasting solar irradiance model, called SOLAR2000, covering the spectral range of 1–1,000,000 nm. Using this tool, the authors attempted to describe solar variation versus wavelength and through time from X-ray through infrared wavelengths, in order to predict the solar radiation component of the space environment. Very recently, Varotsos et al. (2013a,b) suggested the existence of strong persistent long-range correlations in the solar flux fluctuations versus UV wavelengths. More precisely, by applying the detrending fluctuation analysis (DFA) to the initial SIF versus UV wavelengths data set power-law correlations of the type 1/f, which is omnipresent in nature, was found. In the present study, we examine whether the scaling feature of 1/f noise is apparent in a wider spectrum of SIF, namely for wavelengths (WL) between 115.5 and 629.5nm. 2. Data and analysis As mentioned just above solar incident flux data for WL ranging from 115.5nm to 629.5nm with a step of 1nm were employed. The spectrophotometric data of spectral extraterrestrial solar flux have been taken from the book by Makarova et al. (1991) (see also Makarova et al. 1994; Melnikova and Vasilyev 2005). Fig. 1a depicts SIF values for the wavelength range of 115.5-629.5nm. The principal feature shown in this figure is the existence of non-stationarities into the solar spectral distribution and the strong upward trend. The detrending of this data set was accomplished by applying linear as well as polynomial best fit. To eliminate the non-stationarities of this data set and to detect the intrinsic self-similarity, we applied the well-known DFA method (Peng et al. 1994; Weber and Talkner 2001; Varotsos 2005; Skordas et al. 2010). Furthermore, we calculated the power spectrum for the initial SIF-WL data set, using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm as well as the maximum entropy method (MEM) of the TISEAN package (http://www.mpipks-dresden.mpg.de/~tisean/TISEAN_2.1/index.html). For comparison reasons, we used the Planck formula taking into account the effective temperature obtained from NASA (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html). A brief description of DFA-tool may be given as follows: Consider the SIF data set x(i) of length N which is integrated over WL. In more detail, to integrate the data, we calculate the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uctuations of the N observations x(i) from their mean value xave, notably: x(i) xave. Therefore, the integrated data set, y(i), is consisting of the following points: y(1) = [x(1) − xave], y(2) = [x(1) − xave] + [x(2) − xave], . . . , y(i) = (1) We split the integrated data set into non-overlapping boxes of equal length, Ï„. In each box, a best polynomial local trend (of order n) is à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ tted in order to detrend the integrated profile (by subtracting the locally fitted trend). The root-mean-square fluctuations Fd (Ï„) of this integrated and detrended profile is calculated over all scales (box sizes). The detrended fluctuation function F is defined by: k = 0, 1, 2,†¦, , (2) where z(i) is a linear least-square fit to the Ï„ data contained within a box (Kantelhardt et al. 2002). In case the signals involve scaling, a power-law behavior for the root-mean-square à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uctuation function Fd (Ï„) is observed: Fd (Ï„) ∠¼ Ï„a (3) where ÃŽ ± is the scaling exponent, a self-afà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nity parameter that represents the long-range power-law correlation (Ausloos and Ivanova 2001). It is worthy of note that a is a generalized Hurst exponent (H) being equal between them for the case of a fractional Gaussian noise (FGN) data set, where 0 1. For a fractional Brownian motion (FBM) data set (1 2) the relation between these exponents is H = a − 1 (Ausloos and Ivanova, 2001). For uncorrelated data, the scaling exponent is ÃŽ ± = 0.5. An exponent ÃŽ ± ≠  0.5 in a certain range of Ï„ values implies the existence of long-range correlations in that time interval. If 0ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ± ≠¤1.0 (and if again the data set is nonintermittent), then persistent long-range power-law correlations prevail (the case ÃŽ ± = 1 corresponds to the so-called 1/f noise) (Weber and Talkner 2001). Finally, the scaling properties of SIF-WL data set were also studied using Haar analysis (Lovejoy and Schertzer, 2012a,b). According to Haar analysis the variation of X parameter fluctuations ΔX with scale Δt can be defined using the â€Å"generalized† qth order structure function Sq(Δt) = ÃŽ §(Δt)q >, where the symbol stands for ensemble averaging. In a scaling regime, Sq(Δt) ≈ ΔtÃŽ ¾(q), where the exponent ÃŽ ¾(q)= qH K(q) and K(q) indicates the scaling intermittency (satisfying K(1) = 0). 3. Discussion and results Varotsos et al. (2013a) studying the high-resolution observations of SIF reaching the ground and the top of the atmosphere, suggested that SIF versus ultraviolet WL exhibit 1/fà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­type power-law correlations. This result was derived by applying the DFA method on the SIF dataset obtained from the Villard St. Pancrace station of the Lille University of Sciences and Technology and was based on the slope (i.e., 1.02 ±0.02) of the log – log plot of the root mean square fluctuation function of SIF versus the WL segment size Ï„. In order to further establish the power-law scaling mentioned before, Varotsos et al. (2013b) employed the two criteria suggested by Maraun et al. (2004), notably the rejection of the exponential decay of the autocorrelation function and the constancy of â€Å"local slopes† in a certain range towards the low frequencies. The results showed that the power-law fit on the power spectral density (of the detrended SIF-WL versus logÏ„) was much better than exponential one, for scales higher than Ï„ ≈ 1.4 nm, while the method of local slopes exhibited â€Å"constancy† with constant threshold (a ≈ 0.92) at the same range, Ï„ > 1.4 nm. Therefore, the two criteria of Maraum et al. (2004) were satisfied ensuring the 1/fà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­type power-law correlations in SIF versus WL suggested by Varotsos et al. (2013a). In the present study, the scaling dynamics of a wider spectrum of SIF-WL data set was studied, for wavelengths between 115.5 and 629.5nm. Firstly, DFA-n seemed to can take care of the trends revealing a DFA-exponent close to unity (after DFA-2), as shown in Fig. 1b. In the following we plotted the power spectral density (using FFT) of the linearly detrended SIF data set. The derived power spectral density showed that the power-law fitting gives coefficient of determination, R2, higher than the exponential one (see Fig. 2a). This was confirmed by F-test, at 95% confidence level. From the other hand, the DFA-1 exponent was 1.24, while by applying the multiple DFA on the linearly detrended SIF data, the derived exponents ranged from 0.94 to 1. Similar results were derived when we repeated the above mentioned analysis for the polynomially (of 6th degree) detrended SIF data set. The derived power spectral density was, once more, better fitted algebraically than exponentially (a result which was confirmed by F-test, at 95% confidence level), while the linearly DFA-exponent was 1.01 (see Fig.2b). In other words, it seemed that no detrending is needed for the studied data set. Next, to resume our results we analysed the initial SIF-WL data set by using Haar analysis (Lovejoy and Schertzer, 2012a,b). According to Haar analysis, as also mentioned in the Section 2, the variation of SIF fluctuations versus wavelength Ï„ can be defined using the â€Å"generalized† qth order structure function Sq(Ï„) = RF(Ï„)q >, for which it holds that in a scaling regime Sq(Ï„) ≈ Ï„Î ¾(q), where the exponent ÃŽ ¾(q)= qH K(q) and K(q) illustrates the scaling intermittency (satisfying K(1) = 0 and ÃŽ ¾(1) = H). Fig. 3b shows that the intermittency of SIF data set is very high (C1=0.20), hence the RMS exponent = ÃŽ ¾(2)/2=0.60 is quite different from the q=1 exponent (H) and the data are far from Gaussian. In the classical quasi-Gaussian case, K(q) = 0 so that ÃŽ ¾(q) is linear. More generally, if the field is intermittent – for example if it is the result of a multifractal process – then the exponent K(q) is generally non linear and co nvex and characterizes the intermittency. The physical significance of H is thus that it determines the rate at which mean fluctuations grow (H > 0) or decrease (H Ï„. According to Fig. 3a,b, the exponent ÃŽ ¾(2) of the structure function equals to zero (at scales below 10 nm), a fact which means that the power spectrum exponent ÃŽ ²=1+ÃŽ ¾(2) equals to 1 (1/f structure). On the other hand, at larger scales, the exponents ÃŽ ¾(2) and ÃŽ ² seem to equal to 1.2 and 2.2, respectively. To clarify this aspect, we calculated the power spectrum for the initial SIF-WL data set, using the MEM. Then, we plotted in Fig. 4a the power spectral density versus frequency and we compared these results with 1/f and 1/f2.2 structure, following the exponent ÃŽ ¾(2)= 1.2 shown in Fig. 3. Interestingly, the results lied in between these two lines. Furthermore, we calculated the power spectrum for the initial as well as for the polynomially (of 6th and 7th degree) detrended SIF data set, using again the MEM. We plotted in Fig. 4b the power spectral density versus WL and the corresponding algebraically fitting in the range from 10 to 100 nm. In the latter fitting we found exponent very close to unity. However, Varotsos et al. (2013a) tried to formulate the above-shown finding, i.e., that the solar spectral irradiance obeys 1/f power-law as a function of UV wavelength, using the well-known Plancks law: which, in the limit of small wavelengths tends to the Wien approximation: , where I(Ï„,ÃŽ ¤) is the amount of energy emitted at a wavelength Ï„ per unit surface area per unit time per unit solid angle per unit wavelength, T is the temperature of the black body, h is Plancks constant, c is the speed of light, and k is Boltzmanns constant. By applying the DFA method on the various values of I(Ï„,ÃŽ ¤) Varotsos et al. (2013a) showed that the calculated I(Ï„,ÃŽ ¤) values do not obey the 1/fà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­type scaling. In an effort to clarify this aspect, we firstly applied on the initial SIF data set a fitting that was based on the Planck formula: Planck(Ï„)= and the derived exponents were a1 = 6799.86 ± 45.39(0.6674%) and b1= 2754.38  ± 15.85 (0.5755%) (see Fig. 5). Next, we applied the formula: p(Ï„)= which releases the exponent in front of the Bose-Einstein distribution giving a possible explanation for the different distribution of photons. The derived exponents were a= 3250.17  ± 90.65 (2.79%), b= 4456.26  ± 121.3 (2.72%) and c= 8.81914  ± 0.2589 (2.94%). Our last step was to use the Planck formula taking into account the effective temperature obtained from NASA. However, since hc = 1.986à ¯Ã†â€™-10-25 Jm and k = 1.38à ¯Ã†â€™-10-23 J/K, the Planck formula gives ÃŽ ¤sun = 5224.3 K while the p(Ï„) formula gives ÃŽ ¤sun = 3229.5 K. Furthermore, the Wien displacement law: Ï„max à ¯Ã†â€™-T = b, where Ï„max = 450 nm is the peak wavelength and b = 2.898à ¯Ã†â€™-10−3mK is a constant of proportionality called Wiens displacement constant, gives ÃŽ ¤sun = 6440K. The analysis based on Planck and Wien laws gives ÃŽ ¤sun = (5224 + 6440) / 2 K = 5832 K which is less than 1% from the effective temperature obtained from NASA. Finally, the application of DFA method on the detrended SIF data, eliminating the fitting of Planck, p(Ï„) and Plank(Ï„, Tef) formula, gave again DFA-exponents very close to 1 (ranging from 1.01 to 1.08) as shown in Fig. 6. All the previous discussion indicates that the 1/f scaling dynamics observed in solar flux concerns not the Planck’s law but its variations. 4. Conclusions The main conclusions of the present survey were: DFA-n applied on the initial SIF data set revealed DFA-exponents very close to unity (after DFA-2). Power spectral density for the linearly detrended SIF data set showed that the power-law fitting gives coefficient of determination, R2, higher than the exponential one, while DFA-1 exponent was 1.24 and DFA-n exponents ranged from 0.94 to 1. Similar results were extracted when we repeated the above mentioned analysis for the polynomially (of 6th degree) detrended SIF data set and it seemed that no detrending is needed for the studied data set. To resume our results we analysed the initial SIF-WL data set by using Haar analysis. As ÃŽ ¹t was derived, the intermittency of SIF data set was very high and the data were far from Gaussian. At scales below 10 nm, the power spectrum exponent ÃŽ ² was almost 1 (1/f structure), while at larger scales, the exponents ÃŽ ¾(2) and ÃŽ ² seemed to equal to 1.2 and 2.2, respectively. The results of the power spectral density for the initial SIF-WL data set (using the MEM) versus frequency seemed to lie in between 1/f and 1/f2.2 structure. The power spectral density versus WL for the initial as well as for the polynomially (of 6th and 7th degree) detrended SIF data set (using again the MEM) revealed also exponent very close to unity. Eliminating the fitting of three different types of Planck formula from SIF data set, scaling exponents very close to unity were derived Finally, the 1/f scaling dynamics observed in solar flux concerns not the Planck’s law but its variations.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

The play is about a man called Macbeth who on his journey home meets three witches who for tell his future as first becoming thane of Cawdor and, later king. Macbeth instantly sercomes to the witches and believes what the witches say. When Duncan announces is successor as his son Malcolm is dream of becoming king through honesty are dashed. Lady Macbeth quickly comes up with a plan to make Macbeth king, by killing king Duncan and making his son Malcolm flee in hope to save his own life. The plan is followed through Duncan dies and Malcolm flees for his life leaving Macbeth as king. But the guilt is too much and he soon starts to see the goast of King Duncan, meanwhile his wife goes insane with guilt and kills herself. Malcolm army soon attacks on Macbeth and Macduff kills Macbeth. Malcolm was made king.Shakespeare use of witches in act 1 scene 3 and act 4 scene 1 is highly significant, I also believe that they say a lot about Shakespeare and how he would of thought. The main reasons though that I feel the witches roles were so significant is because Shakespeare wanted to please the king who was interested in demonology, to expose Macbeths mind the witches sort of showed his conscious escaping. Also to show human weakness or temptation, which gives the audience, a lot to listen for.The witches appearing in Act 1 had a huge affect on the story line. Even before we meet the witches we know the next few minuets will be very important, because of the significant weather change. You notice it has become very dark and tense this instantly makes the audience aware of their surroundings. When you do meet the witches you notice a good use of pathetic fallacy because the sky is dark and gray and so is the mood of the characters.When he meets the witches they tell him of his future as King Macbeths response is the expected yer right its more of a great! He doesn’t seem to need to know how? Or why? Or even how do you know? Which suggests that he may already have had these ambitions he doesn’t seem to question the witches as if he already thought it out minuet by minuet and he doesn’t need any more answers.I also believe that Lady Macbeth shared the same ambitions as her husband because when Macbeth tells her of the witches prophesies she also doesn’t questions whatthe witches say which can suggest she is a witch or that she also has an ambitions of her husband becoming king.

The Red Cross

Kevin Smith The Red Cross is an International organization that thrives on donations and the kindness of others to succeed. This Red Cross supports military families, disaster relief, health and safety training along with education, and blood drives that save thousands of lives yearly. The Red Cross started In the year 1881 and was mainly used to help wounded soldiers from the battlefield. â€Å"The global Red Cross has evolved into the world's largest humanitarian network- the only non-governmental organization with specific irresponsibleness outlined In the Geneva conventions†(RedCross, 2013). The Red Cross has established itself in the cyber community to succeed. With online donations exceeding 36 million dollars the Red Cross has been able to far exceed anything It did In the years prior to the Internet. The Red cross relies on its volunteers as its strength to work donation sites for all actions the organization participates in. The challenges the Red Cross faces today is the ability to keep enough volunteers on hand to run the organization. While the Red cross has full time members like any business this organizations success comes from those willing to help. The challenges the Red Cross faces In the media environment include many things. System hacking can be seen as hackers will set up take websites that look like the Red Cross web page. This in turn turns out to be a scam and people will give donations to a hacker Instead of the Red Cross. There can be other challenges out there for this organization that would include government policy. Foreign policy. ND legislative issues that can be strain the mission of the Red Cross. The Instant access the Red Cross has to the world has helped this organization in ways that are unimaginable. The Instant media environment has created an unlimited amount of people it can reach throughout the world. The money raised on dally donations Is lox the amount today ads It was In the uses. This is due to the instant access the world has to the Red Cross. The Red Cross uses the social media during disasters because this is the fastest and most effective way to reach a large number of Individuals.The Instant media environment has done nothing but help the Red Cross succeed. I mentioned earlier that volunteer are a challenge for the Red Cross, but with social media and instant media the Red Cross as been able alleviate some of the stress as they can collect for volunteers over the internet The Red Cross will use multiple tactics to get its message out to the community. The Red Cross will gain its target audience by associating someone within the organization to speak or Interact with the community that Is In question.This tactic is used by military recruiters and it tends to work well with inner city communities as well as communities with language barriers. The Red Cross has volunteers trot all walks tot elite so it would only be natural to use those people trot that community to spread the Red C ross message too particular group of immunity. The internal messaging of the employees Is that of care for the community and to give security to those in need The mission stays the same in the Red Cross and that is to provide care to all walks of life that may need it.The message stays the same internally throughout the world for the Red Cross as well. The Red Cross is not the largest humanitarian organization by doing things the wrong way. The internal structure is sound and solid and provides excellent support to all communities throughout the world. This is done with compassion, time, and hard work on behalf of the employees and the thousands of volunteers within the organization. I researched the Red Cross for numerous hours and found that it takes compassion and dedication too cause to make this organization successful.The Red Cross can be unified with many different events and by anybody willing to put in the time and energy to do so. I recently was a part of the Golf for Life rally which was to raise money and blood donations for the Red Cross. There are other events that happen all over the United States on a daily basis in which blood and money is raised for this organization. This is not only going on in the United States, but all over the world. If a person was to look up how to do an event on the Red Cross website it would show them exactly not only to go about doing it, but also show them ways it can be successful.

African Americans Played a Key Role in Vietnam War Essay

Thesis: African Americans played a key role in Vietnam War and, in the process, changed the complexion of the U.S. Armed Forces I. African Americans involves in the army a. Irregular percentage of African Americans drafted in the military b. The role of blacks in the Army c. The Vietnam War as a genocide II. Discrimination Issues a. Armed Forces dominated by whites b. Personal racism c. Racist practices against blacks d. African Americans in combat III. Black Women in the Armed Forces a. Segregation in working areas b. Black women and their assignments IV. The Black Power a. Response to racism b. The new black culture c. Black’s own terminology V. Consequences of Black response a. Banned†¦show more content†¦During American involvement in the war, African Americans were listed and reenlisted on the military draft at higher rates than any other nationalities including whites and Latin-Americans (Westheider 9). As a result, more African Americans than any othe r minority fought and died in combat. In addition, they constantly faced racism. One militant protested forcefully against the unfair conditions: â€Å"You should see for yourself how the black man is being treated over here and the ay we are dying. When it comes to rank, we are left out. When it comes to special privileges, we are left out. When it comes to patrols, perataions and so forth, we are first† (Gallagher). According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., black youths represented an unequal share of early draftees and faced a significantly higher chance of seeing combat. â€Å"Rumors abounded that the U.S. government were using the Vietnam War as a form of genocide. Money was being pumped into Vietnam instead of poor black communities in America† (Gallegher). Blacks had to deal with many discrimination issues throughout their experiences in Vietnam. â€Å"The armed forces were dominated and controlled by whites, and more often than not the cultural needs of African American were ignored† (Young 339). Dr. King described the Vietnam War as racist stating: â€Å" a white man’s war, a black man’s fight†. However, personal racism was the most noticeable, as stated by James E. Westheider.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1708 Words   |  7 Pagesof grassroots activists and national leaders to obtain for African Americans the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists . During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experienced segregation at lunch stands. 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