Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area Essay

Abstract This project discusses how class room education without ICT has become one of the major problems in rural area, to be specific Fufore local Government area in Adamawa state. Class room Education in rural area is not as effective as the ones in urban schools, because of their poor standard of learning, lack of communication, information, qualified teachers in rural schools and they lack ICT facilities to help them and provide awareness of modern standard of teaching. So, this project shows how implementation of ICT in class rooms can help these students, its benefits from implementation, challenges and also expectations from results. It involves how the state Government, private organisations and private sources will come together to make this success by providing the necessary materials, ICT services such as computer workstations, projectors, power supply via solar energy, trained computer experts that will show the school how to manage these resources, internet connectivity and basic infrastructure by the Government for these Fufore nursery/primary schools for better education and better knowledge of ICT and how it will greatly affect and have a positive influence to these students and finally this implementation will only benefit the students only but also the teachers who don’t have computer skills. Introduction This project is focused in implementing ICT in rural area, and the case study is on fufore local government in Yola. As we all know rural areas in Nigeria lack quality and basic education, when you talk about education in rural area what comes to our head is low standard of learning, poor education, not well equipped class rooms for student’s education or lack of proper infrastructure suitable for education. An article defined rural education as: There is little dispute that basic education1—often characterized as the reading, math, and other skills and knowledge taught in the first four years of primary school—is critical to economic and social development. Without basic skills, according to one definition, a person cannot comprehend the instructions on a bottle of medicine or a bag of fertilizer or read a government notice. Neither can the person compute a bill or write a letter. Without basic skills, it is impossible to develop one’s potential or to contribute in anything more than a rudimentary manner to society (Greaney, 1999). (Moulton, 2001) Fufore Local Government is settled area in the southern part of Adamawa with five major languages known as Fulani (largest), Bata, Verre, Laka and Pere, it consist of 1500 people that live there, most of them engage in cattle rearing, poultry, farming etc. When i went to observe these schools i noticed there were at least 300 children that went to both nursery and secondary schools, but the problem is they lack facilities that will make these students feel they are learning which makes some students even drop out of schools and start engaging in house work activities. This project focuses on schools in fufore that need ICT services to improve student’s knowledge and ability to learn in order for these schools to have equal education as the students in urban schools, if students in the rural area are not given equal education as students in the urban area there is a result of inequality. â€Å"Unequal tools in an unequal environment create unequal results† (Ukpe, 2010). Implementation/ Application of ICT in class rooms in rural area is going to benefit the society as a whole, and both the teachers and students. It goes a long way to help the society, because when students start using ICT in classrooms some of their friends at home will also find it interesting this will make them also want to start schooling and know what school is about. This study will also be used as a case study to many parts of rural areas in Nigeria, making them aware of how value ICT is in our generation and also making these local students to fit into any schools they find themselves in in urban schools because this implementation of ICT will  not only make these students concentrate on just computer and information studies they will also learn how to apply the knowledge in their various courses. Methodology In order to have reasons for the implementation of ICT in classrooms, i will have to compare this primary/secondary schools in rural area with the once in urban. The methods i used are personal observation, interview and online research (internet). We can see most urban schools have well functioned classrooms with well equipped IT services such as using projectors in class rooms, computers, wireless LANs, File management using databases. In order to convince these organisations we have to state the reasons why we think ICT is important for these locals in rural area. Just looking at an example of an urban schools such as Abti Academy in Yola, Capital science in kuje, El-Amin International school in Minna; we can see they all have what it takes for them to have a well knowledge of what IT is all about, they do class interactions, they submit their works in timely manner especially the senior students, it broadens their minds which they can relate to other courses and apply them when necessary, The students have full access to the lab to do research, take courses in computer education, type documents and gather information on relevant topics for their coursework and from every observation i noticed that schools in the urban area have high rankings in their external and internal exams such as mock exams, WEAC exams . In order to know what is really the problem of these schools towards their lack of ICT knowledge an interview was taken with most principals in these rural schools shown below. 1. Do you know what a computer is? 2. Do you intend to learn how to use it and do you intend to teach these students if you have the chance to? 3. Do you own a computer? And do you know how to surf on the internet with it? 4. What do you think about implementing ICT in classrooms? 5. How do you think it will affect the students? Interview Summary: Results  The interview was conducted with three different principals of three different areas in fufore, but all their answers were closely the same. They stated they’ve had an experience using a computer, that it would be great to have such an opportunity to use computers and other IT services in their schools, it will surely help the students and enlighten them about what the world is all about now. They stated that they’ve all being provided by the school with just one computer and an internet connection, and in a rural place like fufore I believe there is a limited amount of power supply which makes it even more difficult to use this computer by anyone. They stated students in their area are in need of ICT in classrooms in order to making teaching easier for both the teachers and students, they also have a problem with their teachers who don’t acquire computer skills, it will be difficult for them to teach and guide these students through. ICT will greatly affect and have a positive influence on these students, they will have an opportunity to be going for national competitions because these services will not only improve them in one area, they will also have the ability to speak proper and fluent English, they can also learn how to type by doing their course works on their computers and doing research on the internet which will even help the senior students in history classes. They also mentioned that students in this area are always willing to learn, so it won’t be a problem for them to get used to it. Development and Implementation of ICT in class rooms in rural area: Fufore LGA Through ICT in rural schools it will expand the access to student’s education, now that technology is one of the things that help us develop in this world. So we have to make the rural schools aware of that which will greatly affect both the students and their lectures, it will also make them aware of what is happening in our world today (News) by browsing on the internet, also help them improve interactions in terms of video conferencing and distance learning; through video conferencing it will enable to share ideas and know about other courses that are not offered in the school. ICT is an extensively strong technology for extending and expanding educational opportunities in formal and informal ways, in this case rural schools. ICT is a technological development that reflects the new society and has its place within education. However, as with many new initiatives, ICT obviously has its problems that over time will be addressed. Meantime, ICT should continue to be promoted to assist with education and learning. I will heartedly agree with anyone who states that ICT is a valuable tool for both teaching and learning – speaking as someone who got the last lessons plan for my teaching from the Internet- but I can’t help feeling that the emphasis on the use of ICT detracts from other current ‘sexy’ education issue – socialisation. I believe that developing teachers’ social and counselling technique is a greater priority than their ICT skill (Sime & Mark, 2005). Access to remote learning resources: when this implementation is done, with the use of internet, teachers and students will no longer have to depend on textbooks for learning or even buy them due to how expensive they can be, they teachers can just find textbooks on the net and direct the students to access them too. With the use of Internet services you will find a means of learning materials or tools in almost every subject and can be accessed every day at anytime and also by unlimited number of people that can use it. This is significant for many schools in developing countries. Students will have control towards self learning: For example, teachers can just give a research paper as an assessment for the students, during that research they also learn a lot through searching and browsing different articles. This also broadens their minds to also think fast, observe the situation of the research, allowing their minds to take over and have control of what they are doing and also making their own opinions and what they think. Motivation to learn: the use of multimedia computer software that include sound effects, pictures can be used in learning process for people in rural areas, also as interactive radios and other performance. This will motivate the locals to learn because it’s new to them and then i believe that some locals tend to understand pictures or graphics rather than reading them that way they understand better. Use of modern teaching tools: in rural areas they still have an old way of teaching their students; some don’t even have notebooks, or other writing materials. Through ICT, students can learn how to manage their files on computers rather than writing notes in their notebooks, also teachers have PowerPoint to present to the class by that they can just write short notes on what the teacher is talking about. In order to improve the school from my own point of view it needs these requirements for students to have a basic idea of ICT is about. 1. Provision of hardware resources for internet connectivity such as WAN, LAN, MAN. 2. Software packages for learning or academic related CDs which they can install in their computers to improve self learning. 3. Television for the nursery school students because children in nursery school learn faster with images rather than using books, and Projectors for the primary and secondary students. 4. A well functional and equipped computer that contains at least 15 computers. 5. Power supply via solar energy, because electricity isn’t that reliable and effective in rural areas, and besides this implementation is based in fufore which is always sunny every day. So solar would be a good source of electricity. These implementations can be done with the help of private organisations and even the government, we all know nothing is free; these organisations can get profit out of this successful implementation and project. They will keep implementing ICT and improving other schools in this area. Since i noted that not all teachers have enough computer skills to handle the students learning or to control these equipments, the organisations also have to supply the schools with well trained teachers/experts to show them how to take care of things just for some time. This is an expensive and vital project due to many resources that are needed, power supply because without power supply these resources are just going to end up being there without no one using it and also this is the future of our children to enlightened them and making them have a knowledge of IT, making them have the same and equal education the urban schools are having so they won’t feel left out. After these resources have been implemented and are already in use, in observation we are going to experience and expect these changes in the schools: †¢ The students should have the ability to think as fast and be smart like the students in urban schools and also their results will likely match up. †¢ An increase in the students that will enrol in schools because most students in rural areas don’t really care about education, some are drop outs and with a new system it will motivate them to also learn like their friends. †¢ Will be able to compete in national competitions with other schools. †¢ Know how to use these ICT services provided to them and also apply them when necessary Conclusion From all observations we can see how value education is and rural education cannot be compared to the urban because they have more experience in ICT than the locals have. ICT in class rooms has a lot of advantages and benefits to our daily life now, makes students acquire skills, skills that will take them to the next level, skills that will improve their way of thinking and will also change their lives because after school they can go to these urban areas and get a good job instead of staying in their area and doing the basic occupation such as farming. Technology is part of our world now and its used in our daily activities, with the aid ICT in class rooms they will have access to distance learning which will enhance their learning skills and ability, not only within the class room but globally or worldwide. In order for these students to be equal with students from other developed schools, they need to be given a chance; they need to be given the opportunities that are being given to the more fortunate schools/students. Nigerian Government, private organisations and private sources have to come together to make this possible for our generation and also to help the nation. References Ayaga, T. (2009, November 19). Fufore Area Council As Adamawa’s Development Pivot. Retrieved July 27, 2010, from all Africa. com: http://allafrica. com/stories/200911190399. html ICT in Education/The Promise of ICTs in Education. (2007, June 20). Retrieved July 27, 2010, from WIKIBOOKS: http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/ICT_in_Education/The_Promise_of_ICTs_in_Education Moulton, J. (2001, January). Improving education in rural areas: Guidance for rural development specialists. Retrieved July 28, 2010, from http://www. tanzaniagateway. org/docs/Improving_education_in_rural_areas_guidance_for_rural_develo pment. pdf Sime, D. D. , & Mark, G. (2005). Student teachers’ firt reflections on ICT and Classroom Learning: implications for initail Teacher Education. Retrieved July 27, 2010, from https://dspace. stir. ac. uk/dspace/bitstream/1893/135/1/priestley-jcal-2005. pdf Tinio, V. L. (2002). ICT in Education. Retrieved July 26, 2010, from http://www. apdip. net/publications/iespprimers/eprimer-edu. pdf Ukpe, E. (2010, July 7). ICT in Education(Himself).

El Paraiso Hotel Resort Cebu and Its Health Benefits

Profile of the Company El Paraiso Hotel Resort Cebu is a five star hotel which offers comfortable place and quality services to make the stay of the guests a pleasurable one. It is located in Lapu-Lapu City, which is composed of several small islands and connected to mainland Cebu by two bridges, the resort is just 30 minutes away from the international airport. Being one of the most luxurious hotels in the Philippines, making the vacation of guests a memorable one is one of the main objectives of the company. Vision of the CompanyEl Paraiso Hotel and Restaurant as the number one provider of quality hotel and food services within the islands of the Philippines. Mission of the Company El Paraiso Hotel and Restaurant aims to provide quality hotel and food services through regular and continuous employment, trainings, seminars and supervisions of highly qualified, efficient and good-natured employees and through the use of state-of-the-art facilities and convenient hotel rooms, kitchens , lobbies, restaurants and other hotel places. Hotel Facilities * Infinity pool * Fitness center * Wellness center * Cinema * Souvenir shop * Clinic * 3 restaurants and 1 bar Lobby lounge * 186 rooms PROJECT HEAD * Elaine Michellica Lopez (Human Resource Manager) * Lovely Cabacoy (Assistant HR Manager) * Krystel Urbina (Assistant HR Manager) * Sharmaine Orense (Project Development Supervisor) * Christchen Del Valle (Research and Extension Coordinator) * Joan Tolentino (Assistant R&E Coordinator) * Marc Kenneth Quitalig (Assistant R&E Coordinator) BUDGET The company has allotted six hundred twenty five thousand pesos for this project. This includes four hundred seventy five thousand pesos for the wellness project and two hundred thousand pesos for the health program.Monthly expenses will be incurred for this project that is why the company will set other funds for these expenses. RESOURCE NEEDED Financial Resources The financial resources will be coming from the fund set aside solely for the corporate social responsibility programs of the company. In view of the fact that this company has been operating for many years now, it is expected that it has allotted funds for this kind of projects because in the long run, this project will benefit not just the employees but the company as well. Human ResourcesThe top management should be the first one to cooperate in this project. Their approval will be the key factor on the possibility of this project to put into action. The project coordinators should do their best to put in practice the strategies needed for the implementation of this program. They must thoroughly follow the set guidelines on how they will perform their individual duties and responsibilities. The employees benefited should also cooperate in this project. They must exert their full understanding and appreciation on the project provided for them.While the company is exerting effort on how they can improve or at least maintain their healthy lifestyle, they must be disciplined even in their respective homes. Discipline is a must in this project. ORGANIZATION TIE-UPS Different departments and agencies are going to be involved in this project. These are the Department of Tourism, Department of Health, Department of Labor and Employment, Bureau of Food and Drugs, UNILAB and Mactan Doctors’ Hospital. These departments and agencies have their own part in the realization of this program. Department of Tourism is concerned about the tourists that are going to be the customers of the hotel.Department of Health is concerned about the health of the employees providing the services for customers while Department of Labor and Employment is concerned about the overall condition of the employees in the company. The Bureau of Food and Drugs will serve as the guide of the company in the distribution of vitamins and medicines to the employees. UNILAB will be the reliable supplier of the company of the vitamins and medicine to be distributed and the Mactan Doctors’ Hospital is going to be partner of the company in medical examinations that will be done to every employee.PROGRAM PLAN I. Title of the Project This project was entitled as â€Å"Wealthness at El† because it focuses on the health and wellness of all the employees of the company. The company is concern with the health and wellness of its employees because the company believes that they provide great contributions to the success of the company just like other stakeholders. II. Location The management of El Paraiso decided to propose this Corporate Social Responsibility Program in Mactan, Cebu since Cebu is one of the main tourist spots here in the Philippines.Having an international airport in Mactan, Cebu is a great factor to the operations of the company. Employees need to face different types of people from different cultures and status in life. III. Duration As long as the company is operating and obtaining enough profit to sustain the projec t, the management believes that this program will continue to exist. If the management will approve of this project, it is expected to be established on the first quarter of the following year. Since the first project is about forming a company fitness and wellness center, it is expected to operate as long as the company is in service.With regards to the next project which is about the medical assistance and support for employees, the proponents foresees that as long as the company is generating large profit from its operations, the project will continue. According to the top management of the company, it is expected that for the next 50 years, the company will continue to operate. IV. Type of the Program The proposed project is a type of Health and Wellness Program for all the employees of El Paraiso. This is the type of program we have proposed because being with people of all raises requires enough strength and confident aura.This will only be possible if the employees facing the m are very much healthy and well disciplined in terms of physical health. Less absences and tardiness and better performance will be the benefit that the company will get from this project. In the short run, the benefit against cost cannot be easily achieved but in the long run, the company believes that the initial cost of this project will be insignificant if it will be measure against the benefit that the company and the employees will get from its employees. V. Department Involved * Department of Health the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of providers of health goods and services. Since once of the project proposed involves that health of the employees, it is only right to involve the Department of Health in this project. * Department of Tourism * The executive department of the Philippine government responsible for th e regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the Philippines as a tourist destination.The nature of the company is a hotel and resort. Different tourists around the world are going to be the customers of the company. Department of Tourism should be involved in this project because their main concerns are the tourists and tourist spots in the Philippines. * Department of Labor and Employment * the executive department of the Philippine Government mandated to formulate policies, implement programs and services, and serve as the policy-coordinating arm of the Executive Branch in the field of labor and employment.The main beneficiaries of these projects are the employees of the company. Since it is a private corporation it is the Department of Labor and Employment who has the concerned over the employees of the company. VI. Project Leader and Coordinators Project leader: Elaine Michellica Lopez (HR Manager) Coordinators:Lovely Cabacoy (Asst. HR Manager) Krystel U rbina (Asst. HR Manager) Sharmaine Orense (PD Supervisor) Christchen Del Valle (R & E Coordinator) Joan Tolentino (Asst. R&E Coordinator) Marc Kenneth Quitalig (Asst. R&E Coordinator) VII. Cooperating Agencies * Mactan Doctors’ Hospital a 151 bed tertiary infirmary fully equipped with the latest cutting edge technology for your optimum diagnostic and therapeutic treatment under the care of their elite medical and surgical specialists. In case that the clinic of our company cannot support the health requirements needed by our employees, they can visit this hospital for further examinations. They can avail discounts if they present the health cards distributed by the company. * UNILAB * the Philippines‘ largest and leading pharmaceutical and healthcare company with over 60 years experience of giving the  best value in healthcare to Filipinos.The vitamins that the company needs in this project will be directly coming from UNILAB. Since there is going to be a contact abou t the supply of vitamins, discounts will be expected from the transactions. * Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) * a regulatory agency that ensures the safety, efficacy, purity and quality of processed foods, drugs, diagnostic reagents, medical devices, cosmetics and household hazardous substances through state-of-the art technology, as well as the scientific soundness and truthfulness of product information, for the protection of public health. VIII. BeneficiariesAll the employees of El Paraiso Hotel and Restaurant Cebu Branch are going to be benefited from this program. This program is proposed for the well being of the employees working for the company because they are the assets of the company. For the company, the employees are one of the major reasons why the company is continuously operating and earning profit. It is only right that they get benefits from the company concerning their health and wellness. IX. Total Cost of the Project The estimated initial cost of the first proje ct for the wellness of the employees cost four hundred fifty thousand pesos (Php 450000. 0). For the next project which is for the health of the employees has an initial cost of around one hundred seventy five thousand pesos (Php 175000. 00). The total initial cost for the project proposed is six hundred twenty five thousand pesos (Php 625000. 00) The monthly budget for the health assistance provided for employees costs two hundred twenty thousand pesos (Php 220000. 00) X. Rationale of the Project Our company believes that our employees are the asset of the organization. We value them in the best possible way because they are of great contribution to the success of the company.To show our concern to them, we decided to have a program that will address their health issues. It is very important and an advantage of the company to have healthy people inside the organization. This program ensures that their health status is regularly monitored. The company also implements this program no t just to ensure health awareness but also to motivate the employees that will result to increasing productivity and reduces cases of absenteeism and tardiness. XI. Objectives General Objectives: * To maintain a healthy workforce who would therefore provide quality ervice to customers * To provide continuous benefits to every employee of the company * To improve the well being of every employee * To prevent and manage any form of health difficulties or disease Specific Objectives: * To provide fitness centers that would be accessible to every employee * To provide monthly check-up for every employee and supply of vitamins monthly * To give health cards to every employee wherein they can avail discounts on hospitals and medicine. XII. Description of the Project Strategies and MethodsIn order to aid the management in the execution of the said project, the following strategies were formulated: 1. Information of this project would be properly disseminated so that every employee would be informed of the benefits that they could get from the said project. 2. The company would have a partnership or coordinate with a trusted hospital to aid it on the monthly check up of the employees. 3. It would also coordinate with a drug manufacturer and buy drugs directly to it to ensure quality of the drugs and it is also a cost saving move. . The management would also keep track of the health records of the employees by providing each employee with a medical journal on which the results of their monthly check up would be written. 5. The management would establish a schedule for the monthly check up of the employees. For instance, a group of employees would be scheduled for their check up for a certain week and so forth. This is to ensure that the monthly check up would be well organized and would not be burdensome on the part of the physicians. 6.For a more effective distribution of vitamins, the employees would be given their monthly supply of vitamins during their scheduled ch eck up. 7. The management would make it clear that the fitness center is accessible to every employee and they could use it anytime as long as it is not during working hours. XIII. Financial Plans WELLNESS PROJECT Total Initial Cost of the Project| Total Cost of Gym Equipments| 269000| Installation Costs| 50000| Renovation (lighting and ventilation) of the function hall| 100000| Total initial cost of wellness program| 419000| GYM EQUIPMENTS| PRICE| QUANTITY| TOTAL COST|Treadmill| 15000| 5| 75000| Exercise bike| 10000| 5| 50000| Upper body trainer| 12000| 5| 60000| Dumb bells| 1000/pair| 20| 20000| Punching Bags| 3000| 3| 9000| Gloves and Mitts| 1000| 10| 10000| Boxing balls and swivels| 3000| 3| 9000| Table tennis table| 8000| 2| 16000| Table tennis rackets| 2000/pair| 10| 20000| Total Cost| | | 269000| HEALTH PROJECT Total Initial Cost of the Project| Renovation (lighting and ventilation) of the clinic room| 50000| Total cost of medical equipments| 78600| Cost of health cards and j ournals to be distributed among employees| 10000| Installation of medical equipments| 30000|Total Initial Costs| 168600| MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS| TOTAL COST| Wheelchairs (3 pcs)| 21000 | Hospital bed (2 pcs)| 30000| Blood pressure monitor (3 pcs)| 6600| Nebulizer (2pcs)| 9000| Weighing Scale| 4000| Gauze, tape and bandages| 3000| Latex and vinyl gloves| 3000| Thermometers| 1000| Disinfectants| 1000| Total Cost| 78600| Financial budget for every month Total Cost of Vitamins to be distributed monthly| 100000| Fund for the hospitalization of employees per month| 50000| Monthly salary of the physician and assistant nurses| 70000| Total| 220000|XIV. Functional Relationships with the Collaborating Agencies El Paraiso is proud to implement the â€Å"Wealthness at El† for ensuring the health and wellness of every employee. In line with this, our company had its partnership with different agencies that would be a great contributor for the implementation of the program. These agencies are t he Mactan Doctors’ Hospital, UNILAB, and Bureau of Food Drugs. First, we conducted our board meeting together with the head from each respective agency. Every matter concerning this program had been discussed.Then we had the contract signing thereafter. Our agreement is that they would continue supporting our program as long as it continues its operations. The monthly check-up of the employees would not be possible without the staff coming from the hospital. This includes board certified physicians in internal medicine and occupational medicine (Preventive Medicine), doctors and registered nurses who provide a variety of direct health care services and health promotion activities for the company. The vitamins and other medicines needed would be coming from the drug manufacturer.The company decided to have its partnership directly from the manufacturer to obtain quality products yet affordable, so that this program would not be that costly. XV. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechan ics In order to monitor and evaluate the performance of the said project, the management had established the following mechanics: 1. The management would provide evaluation sheets which the employees would answer with the following questions: * Are you aware of Wealthness at El? * Are you able to benefit from the said project? In what ways did it become beneficial to you? Do you have any complaints regarding the procedure and other matters about the project? What are they? * Do you have any suggestions that the management could do to respond on these complaints? * What can you recommend to the management to further improve this project? 2. The head physician would periodically report to the management and discuss the matters of the project particularly their health status. XVI. Plans for Ensuring the Sustainability of the Project In order for a business to be successful in the long run, they need to contribute to the welfare of the community, conservation of the environment and moti vation of their employees.This is what we called the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Our company was concerned with our employees because they are one of the contributors why our business continues to operate. That’s why we have proposed a project for them. We want them to obtain some other benefits on our company while contributing to the success of our business. For us to ensure the sustainability of our project, we have made several plans. Those are the ff: * During the mere operation, we will provide a separate fund or will restrict our fund for the sustainability of this project. We are going to sustain this through obtaining a contingency fund. * We will be having a deal with our collaborative agencies so that they will support our needs to sustain it. * Since our company has been operating for almost decades, we are well-known in the country. We will be having sponsors so that we didn’t need to worry that much. * In case of loss, our main branch located i n Manila is the one to help us recover so that we will continue operating. PROGRAM EVALUATION Based on the survey conducted by the company and based on the medical journals of the employees, the results showed improvement of their respective health status.This project has been implemented on every employee of the company. Schedules of check-ups were implemented so that it was certain that every employee has undergone medical examinations. The vitamins that have been distributed to the employees are effective in improving their energy towards work which resulted to better performance in terms of providing quality service to customers. In terms of the wellness program, the healthy lifestyle of the employees has been maintained. Sickness has been avoided and their confidence towards their looks and appearance has increased. t was found out that certain improvements will be needed for the betterment of the techniques and strategies needed to make this project successful. More systematic strategies should be needed for the distribution of vitamins and schedules of check-ups so that delays can be avoided. After several years of execution of this project, the company had been benefited because it is able to maintain a healthy workforce that would provide its customers quality service. The employees of the company are able to receive the benefits that these particular project aims to provide to them.Company Benefits from CSR Program Through the â€Å"Wealthness at El†, the company is able to derived the following benefits: 1) The company is able to maintain a healthy workforce who will provide quality service to the customers. 2) Its employees are more motivated because they feel that the company value them. 3) Motivated employees will result to increase in productivity and reduce cases of absenteeism and tardiness. 4) Therefore, a healthy and motivated workforce will result to the company’s improved reputation which enables them to attain higher income.

Two discussion questions see below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Two discussion questions see below - Essay Example In the same country, approximately 1 million truly disadvantaged experience crime first hand (Siegel, 2006). This means that in every three truly disadvantaged people in south Belmont, one of them is more prone to crime than the rest and lack the joy of being a young citizen since he or she has to commit crime for sustenance (Siegel, 2006). To both adolescents and adults, crime among the truly disadvantaged is tremendously painful and there is nobody who does it out of fun but influence from parents, friends or politicians. The truly disadvantaged from families that are violent are likely to suffer from social, behavioral, psychological and academic problems than those brought up in good atmospheres. The best criminology theory to explain the Virginia Tech Massacre would be the Interactionist view of crime. It is according to this view that laws banning murder, rapes, and robbery have political undertones. The conflict view of crime has a few of examples of crimes in the society including police brutality, inadequate childcare and price fixing. This view of crime states that reality does not exist and therefore crimes are termed either as good or evil. The best example for this view of crime is people viewing some films while others cannot because they think they are not appropriate (Siegel, 2006). Criminals condemned under this view of crime in the Virginia Tech Massacre are mostly labeled outcasts because they went against the social consensus and norms. All the three perspective views have good points but I think I would go for the conflict view of crime because I is important to acknowledge the differences between the lower classes compared to the upper class and this is the only perspective that can truly address the problem at

SIOP Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SIOP Lesson Plan - Essay Example To effectively teach this lesson the teach needs only to be conversant with the subject content and have an understanding of these best practices. This is why I have decided to include them in this essay. The first thing that a teacher should do when teaching this lesson is helping the students to build background knowledge on the subject in the lesson. Building background knowledge integrates new concepts in a lesson with previously taught concepts and thus promotes achievement of literacy (Cohen & Cowan, 2007). The major best practice that a teacher can use to build this kind of knowledge, is reviewing previously taught concepts. In this case, the teacher should review the concepts taught in the topic on use of microscope to observe cell organelles. This would help the students to connect between the two lessons. According to Cohen & Cowan (2007, p. 183), â€Å"other best practices for building background knowledge are discussion, background generating activities, pre-questions an d objective stating, and field trips†. In the discussion practice, the teacher can discuss with the students about a cell and importance of plants to humans. They can also try to discuss how humans derive these benefits from plants. In the case of background generating activity, the teacher should have the students observe different parts of plant cells using a microscope. If the teacher can have the students state the questions they might have on plant cells and what they aim to understand by the end of the lesson, the students can build background knowledge about this lesson. A short trip in which the students familiarize themselves with different plants can also be a best practice for building background knowledge. This lesson involves teaching of several words that the students might find difficult to comprehend. As a result, a teacher should find a way to instruct such words to enhance understanding. The best practice for vocabulary instruction is use of diagrams. In this practice, students are able to visualize the meaning of the words and therefore they can understand them much better. The good thing with this kind of practice when used in teaching the lesson is that, all the difficult words in the lesson are represented using a diagram from the science book. Therefore, it is very easy to apply this best practice in this lesson to promote conceptual understanding of vocabularies found in the topic of plant cells. Comprehensible input is adjustments made by a teacher in his teaching technique to enhance students understanding. The adjustments are crucial in enhancing the students, ability to comprehend the lesson content. Several best practices that a teacher could use when adjusting his teaching technique are available. Most common among these best practices include pausing frequently, paraphrasing and repeating ideas that look difficult, and use of gestures and body language (Wandberg & Rohwer, 2010). In teaching this lesson, a teacher should pau se as often as possible to give students time to comprehend an idea. He should also paraphrase ideas from the way the science book represents them. This would make the ideas to be rather simpler to understand. He should also be repeating ideas when necessary to ensure all students understand them. Gestures and body language would also be necessary especially to show the functions of a cell membrane and its characteristics. We will need to group

Voting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voting - Research Paper Example Currently, voting instruction seems to be developed largely by election. Administrators, sometimes in collaboration with election system vendors, sometimes in collaboration with other interested parties. Rarely, and possibly, never, are proposed voting instruction subjected to any type of experimental or field testing before their implementations†. (Voting Instructions) In Europe and USA side Direct Recording Electronic voting machines are use. The DRE’s processes are not all the same everywhere. Each has its own style, and that style has significances for where instructions are needed or not needed. Sometimes, the instructions are inconsistent, don’t consider voters likely mistakes, don’t cover important situations, use words which voters may not know and put the action before the context. While writing the instruction of voting we should always think about the possible ways in which people will misread the instruction from their other experiences. Consider US, its order to register vote for all states. An applicant must be a U.S. citizen, a legal resident of state, and 18 years old on before Election Day. A person who declared mentally incomplete or a person who is serving time in prison does not allow permission to vote. In developed countries, voting registration is the responsibility of the government; either local or nati onal, some form of compulsory voting is required as a part of each citizen’s civil duty. In other countries, if people are eligible to vote must opt in to be allowed to participate in vote, as a rule by filling out a specific form registering them to vote. (Voter Registration Information) Voting is important because its provide an authoritative way to voice our opinions regarding elected leaders and overall policies, voting helps us to decide our own future by electing a person who might muse our own views. If the right to vote no longer existed, the country would no longer survive as

Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Application - Essay Example It calls into question the true character and strength of resolve in a person while the journey towards self discovery places him in a position of having to make the tough choices in life. Most of the college students learn to grow up quickly and develop a sense of responsibility that their parents become truly proud of. That is because parents do not really know their children until they have left the family home and been given a chance to truly discover who they are apart from their parents, family, and friends. My journey of self discovery began at the tender age of 16. When I moved to Singapore from Indonesia after graduating from my junior year in high school. I lived independently in Singapore from 2006 to 2009. A total of 3 years wherein I embarked on a unique journey of finding myself and self discovery. Living independently has proven that I am not easily influenced by external and internal factors existing in my life. I was blessed to have experienced living among people of varied cultures and backgrounds who helped me realize the prejudices in the world. Our nationality does now define who we are as a person, we define that through our actions. That is the principle that I have come to develop over time for myself. I am a person who holds true to my own principles and beliefs in righteousness and truth. During the beginning of my journey towards self discovery, I found mostly the negative aspects of myself as a human being. Factors that I knew I disliked and worked hard to change. I knew that keeping those traits would potentially lead me down a path of self destruction. By living independently in Singapore, I began to understand what my true purpose in life was. This journey will be a life long experience. One where I will find the happiness that God meant for me to find in my

Ways To Increase Return On Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ways To Increase Return On Assets - Essay Example Since both sets of figures show similarity in the total expenses at  £15,400 each, although Set B fails to present the break down of the expenses, then using the said expenses as criterion could not be deemed to indicate a material difference for purposes of inferring which of the two would or would not show a true and fair value. It is, therefore, the matter of the closing stock that will settle the issue of which set does or does not present a true and fair view since it is in the value of the closing where the two sets of figures materially differ. By taking the difference of  £14,000 and  £10,000, one will get a difference of  £4,000 which represents about 40% and which could be now considered by auditors as material misstatement in the financial statement. As to why it affects materially the financial statements will be seen in the income statement and the balance sheet. The income statement is affected because closing stock or inventory takes the nature of revenues in t he income statement as will be explained later. The balance sheet is also affected because the closing stock is part of the current assets and total assets which are parts the computation of liquidity using current ratio and the profitability using the return on assets. Since it affects the net income, the other ratios where net income is used will also be affected.  As to how the material misstatement will affect the profitability ratios may be illustrated as follows: First, the closing stock is important in the computation of gross profit ratio (GPR) which is computed by dividing gross profit by the total sales. It must be noted that the closing stock affects the value of the cost of sales to be deducted from total sales to arrive at the gross profit.

Bodies, Sexualities and Identities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bodies, Sexualities and Identities - Essay Example Keywords: body, child masturbation, mind, sexuality Introduction I would like to use varying theories regarding Bodies, Sexualities and Identities. How have these theories transformed my understanding of some aspect of gender, sexualities, or identities from experience or the world around us is the main focus of this paper. There are varying theories presented by Locke, Freud, Rousseau and other theorists regarding bodies, genders, sexualities, and identities. Regarding this, it is important to integrate personal experience and other’s encounter with these aspects in order to somehow prove or justify the importance and relevance of the theorists’ ideas on the subject matter involving bodies, sexualities and identities. It is the intention of the proponent to justify that these theories are not hopelessly outmoded in today’s modern society, but in fact, would actually help the people understand the complexity and richness of ideas within the intricate subjects emb odied within bodies, sexualities and identities. Regarding this, the issue about child masturbation is discussed in detail. ... This is the first time that the very act of masturbation is illustrated in the scripture. This literature remarkably gave birth to a coined word â€Å"onanism† which in the modern times is strongly associated with the very act of masturbation or self-sex pleasure. This is of no surprise that masturbation was mentioned to be initiated by an adult. Onan was of the right and advanced age when he initiated masturbation by withdrawing his semen from the womb of his brother’s wife. Even in the times of Locke, Freud and Rousseau, masturbation was considered prevalent among adults as integral issue about sex. In fact, the idea about masturbation was strongly opposed within the classical period as it would strongly contradict with the ultimate view within religious principle. Even until today, religious individuals would most likely view at it as an act of immorality before God. Surprisingly, masturbation and even addiction with it in the 18th century was also associated with ch ildren (Egan & Hawkes, 2011). Today, masturbation is reportedly initiated by some children even at the age below 12 years old. Even then, this paved the way for taking into account child sexuality as an important area of concern among theorists like Locke, Freud, and Rousseau. It was of great interest to understand child sexuality in the first place as things in line with sexual matters would concern most about adults who are considered to be mature in this area. However, there are many things that need to be learned more about child sexuality as they are also humans who could be potentially sexually aroused at some specific point in time. This is the very point

Research Survey Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Survey Plan - Essay Example From sample results, the researcher generalizes or makes claims about the population. In an experiment, investigators may also identify a sample and generalize to a population: however, the basic intent of an experiment is to test the impact of a treatment (or an intervention) on an outcome, controlling for all other factors that might influence that outcome.† (Creswell, 2003, p 154). Therefore, designing a research survey plan incorporates several fundamental factors and this study focuses on designing a plan for the procedures to be used in a survey study based on a checklist for designing a survey method. Analyzing the essential components of a survey method plan, one realizes that the design of a survey method section closely follows a standard format and there are several types of such formats available in research journals. They have the fundamental characteristic of providing effective models of this strategy of investigation. In preparing the essential components of a survey method plan, it is also important to follow some fundamental aspects of the checklist questions provided in the Creswell text. â€Å"In a proposal or plan, one of the first parts of the method section can introduce readers to the basic purpose and rationale for survey research. Begin the discussion by reviewing the purpose of a survey and the rationale for its selection as a design in the proposed study.† (Creswell, 2003, p 154). Therefore, it is important to identify, in such a discussion, the purpose of survey research as well as to indicate why the survey method has been preferred as the data colle ction procedure for the research. The main purpose of the survey research is to generalize from a sample to a population in order that inferences regarding the attitude or behavior of the population can be easily made. The rationale for indicating why the survey method has been preferred as the data

Psychology Paper Essay Example for Free

Psychology Paper Essay In this paper I am going to be talking about the philosophy of psychology in the 19th century. I am going to be discussing the roots in early philosophy leading into the 19th century that influenced the development of modern psychology, identify philosophers that historically relate to the beginnings of psychology as a formal discipline, identify major philosophers in the western tradition that were primary contributors to the formation of psychology as a discipline and explore the development of the science of psychology during the 19th century. There were several philosophers that historically relate to the beginnings psychology as a formal discipline. John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume and John Stuart Mill are just a few to mention. John Locke made a distinction between simple and complex. â€Å"Simple ideas resulted from experiencing basic sensory qualities such as yellow, white, heat and so on, and from making simple reflections such as â€Å"pleasant.† A complex idea includes sever ideas, which can be a combination of simple and other complex ideas. Complex ideas are compounds and can be ultimately reduced to simple ones, much as chemical compounds are composed of simple elements.† (Goodwin, 2008). George Berkeley’s work on vision was the first systematic example of how empiricist thinking could be applied to the study of perception. Berkeley tried to show that our perceptions of the distance, size, and locations of objects are judgments that depend entirely on experience. We do not see objects directly; rather we make judgments about them based on visual information and our experiences. Davie Hume came up with the rules of association, that ideas that are similar or happen simultaneously are associated. He proposed three laws: resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect. David Hartley, another dualist, believed that although the mind and body operated separately but also parallel to each other. He used association in his theory of memories. He believed the â€Å"strength of association relies on repetition† (Goodwin, 2008). John Stuart Mill, known as the â€Å"key transition figure in the shift from the philosophy of the mind to the science of the mind† (Goodwin, 2008), used a chemical rather than mechanical description in our complex ideas are made from simple ones. He believed that the mind was much more active than passive. Mill’s logic consists of the Method of Agreement, Method of Difference, and Joint Method.

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes Amy Zhi â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† â€Å"Too Big to Fail† and the 2008 Recession The film â€Å"Too Big to Fail† takes viewers down the 2008 financial meltdown, also known as the â€Å"Great Recession of 2008,† and emphasizes its impact on the economy. The crisis was avoidable and caused by â€Å"widespread failures in financial regulation (Fed’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages); dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly by taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by household and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; and simply lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw.† ( University of North Carolina). The book â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† by Peter Schiff, comically interprets the effects of inflation, deficit spending, central banking, foreign trade, and the housing bubble and credit crunch of 2008. The U.S. economy boomed during the 2000-2007 period, as the global pool of fixed-income securities increased greatly from $36 trillion in 2000 to $80 trillion by 2007. In â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† the Usonian economy starts with production and trade soon follows. Usonia now had savings and credit, an increase in savings decreases real interest rates and an increase in credits increases demand, hence, there was expansion in the Usonian economy. As the economy prospered, it created a paper currency backed by fish, similar to currency backed by full gold reserves in the U.S. However, fractional reserve banking develops and only a fraction of bank deposits were backed by actual fish for withdrawal. The government decided to delink the paper currency from the fish. Usonia degraded the value of the fish by creating more fish out of the value of one. This process of â€Å"shrinking fish† eventually leads to â€Å"fishflation.† As people start spend ing more and producing less, the economy stops blooming and crashes. A king from Sinopia, an island that still had no savings, bank credit, or business, observed Usonia and saw their luxurious lifestyle of credit and commerce. The king thought that the possession of Fish Reserve Notes was the key to advancement. Notes were then used as money across the entire ocean, and the economy was saved as Sinopia traded their fish for Usonia’s fish reserves. Thus, Usonia was again piled with savings and credit, causing a spending binge atmosphere in Usonia. This is similar to when China supplies the essential items for U.S. fiat currency. Usonia largely consumed and Sinopia produced, hence, the trade relationship was skewed. However, as Goodbank said, â€Å"The people will get wise. They will worry about their savings and withdraw their deposits,† which is exactly what happened next. Foreign islanders realized that the fish reserve was worthless with no backing at all. Therefore, islanders started to withdraw fishes with their fish reserves all at once. In truth, there really were not enough fish in the economy, so Usonia had no choice but to close the fish reserves window. It is fiat currency and worthless, backed by nothing but the faith in the government. Producers were harmed by the expansion of the money supply because resources were more expensive and workers would soon demand higher real wages. Production decreased further and the Usonian bank loan officials targeted the islands â€Å"hut loan market.† As lenders and borrowers in the U.S. put their immense amount of savings to use, the â€Å"Giant Pool of Money† â€Å"overwhelmed the policy and regulatory control mechanisms in the country.† (Abir) Citizens jumped to buy houses all at the same time, either for greed, fear, or stupidity. There were risky investors and individuals who thought there was no ceiling price on real estates. There were individuals jumping into the housing market because they were concerned if they didn’t, they would lose out on easy profit. Mortgage regulators were not paying close enough attention to the market and business practices, commodity mortgage buyers were not researching the loans they were taking out, and speculators /builders were pricing homes entirely too high in the first place. All of which lead to the housing bubble of 2008. Senator Cliff Cod of Usonia created Finnie Mae and Fishy Mac to buy hut loans from the market. â€Å"The hut lending program was a massive hit amongst banks as they were earning risk-free profits. These agencies created a big industry where hut building, hut selling and hut decorating industries took off.† (Krishna) All of production and advancement occurred while no actual fish were being generated, so, nothing productive was actually happening. Although loans were not the best use of savings, political officials â€Å"encouraged hut ownership and education.† (Krishna) There were tax breaks on hut loans, which caused even more people to invest on these huts. Sinpoian fish were being imported to Usonia like rapid waves, credit levels were high and risk was ignored. Huts started becoming more luxurious and unreasonably expensive. Eventually, â€Å"the â€Å"hut market† took a down turn and every associated industry felt the pain.† (Krishna) As U.S. home pri ces declined steeply after peaking in mid-2006, it became more difficult for borrowers to refinance their loans. In addition, â€Å"assets dramatically plummeted, while the liabilities owed to global investors remained at full price.† (Abir) One of the primary causes of the recession was government intervention in the housing market. This intervention, primarily through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, helped inflate the housing bubble that triggered the crisis. Due to the lack of regulation, banks and credit card companies were freely lending out money to people. Even those who could not afford expensive houses took out loans that they seemingly couldn’t pay back to buy the expensive houses. During the 2008 recession, struggling banks and lenders cut back lending and created a sudden sharp reduction in availability, causing a credit crunch. Consumers were no longer able to borrow and spend, while businesses also cut back their investments as demand decreased. In â€Å"Too Big to Fail,† Dick Fuld, CEO of Lehman Brothers, a large investment bank, is seeking investment, but investors are hesitant because Lehman is exposed to toxic housing assets from the housing bubble. The Lehman’s counterparty risk, risk that a counterparty will not pay as obligated on a transaction, is impacting the entire financial market, while the stock market is in a free fall. The government could only do one thing, urge consumers to spend more. They wanted to keep spending though the crisis and borrow more, however, this would eventually lead to a depression. In the film, Henry Paulson, U.S. Treasury Secretary, plans to buy the toxic assets from the banks, so they wouldn’t go bankrupt and could lend out money again. Paulson later then decides to inject capital into the banks, for it was easier and could boost lending more quickly. By injecting the capital, he expected that the banks will have the money now to lend out to citizens and credit will flow again. The banks agreed, markets stabilized, and the banks repaid their Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds. However, Paulson’s expectations were wrong, banks didn’t lend out the money from the injections. As the epilogue of â€Å"Too Big to Fail† stated, â€Å"credit standards continued to tighten resulting in rising unemployment and foreclosures. As bank mergers continued in the wake of the crisis, these banks became even larger and ten financial institutions held 77% of all U.S. banking assets and have been declared â€Å"too big to fail.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Gould) Congress created â€Å"TARP in October 2008, part of which was used by the Treasury to inject much needed capital into the nation’s banks. The Fed aggressively lowered interest rates during 2008, adopting a zero interest rate policy by the end of the year. It engaged in massive quantitative easing in 2009 and early 2010, purchasing Treasury bonds and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities to bring down long term interest rates.† (Blinder and Zandi) â€Å"The Troubled Asset Relief Program of 2008 rescued our financial system from almost certain meltdown, saving the U.S. financial system at the brink of disaster.† (Weller) Shortly after TARP enacted, loan tightening and interest rates eased. The Recovery Act spending helped decrease unemployment and personal disposable incomes increased. â€Å"Industrial production turned around with infrastructure spending spurred by the Recovery Act. After-tax income grew more quickly following the payroll tax cut , followed by job growth accelerating and decrease in household debt. The Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 â€Å"strengthened the fledgling economic recovery by cutting the payroll tax and continuing extended unemployment insurance benefits.† (Weller) In the end, Usonia was completely out of fish. They borrowed more and more to the point where most of their debt was funded by more debt. Citizens don’t save more since borrowing is a simple and easy process. Most people just walk in wanting more money, and walk out with more money and debt. Although higher taxes create more jobs and government revenue, it discourages work and investment. Plus, individuals and private businesses use money more efficiently than the government. In today’s society, spending is almost the route to happiness. That is, people spend to make themselves and others happy. We can’t spend less, but perhaps we can spend smarter. The book’s message itself is very clear. If the U.S. keeps spending and borrowing freely, it will soon meet with hyperinflation and an even more severe economic devastation. Bibliography University of North Carolina. Subprime mortgage crisis. 13 January 2008. 25 April 2014 http://www.stat.unc.edu/faculty/cji/fys/2012/Subprime mortgage crisis.pdf>. Abir, Zaber. THE Global Financial Crisis: Above Beyond. 6 December 2012. academia.edu. 25 April 2014 http://www.academia.edu/2344211/THE_Global_Financial_Crisis_Above_and_Beyond>. Blinder, Alan and Mark Zandi. How the Great Recession Was Bought to an End. 27 July 2010. economy.com. 25 April 2014 https://www.economy.com/mark-zandi/documents/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf>. Romer, Christina. Treatment and Prevention: Ending the Great Recession and Ensuring that It Doesn’t Happen Again. City Club of Cleveland. Cleveland: whitehouse.gov, 2010. 16. Krishna, Radha. How an Economy Grows Why it Crashes : Summary. 14 August 2011. 25 April 2014 http://radhakrishna.typepad.com/rks_musings/2011/08/how-an-economy-grows-why-it-crashes-summary.html>. Schiff, Irwin and Peter Schiff. How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010. Too Big to Fail. Dir. Curtis Hanson. Perf. Peter Gould. 2011. Weller, Christian. 10 Reasons Why Public Policies Rescued the U.S. Economy. 29 May 2012. 25 April 2014 http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2012/05/29/11593/10-reasons-why-public-policies-rescued-the-u-s-economy/>. Williams, Roy. Birmingham investment experts have mixed reactions to report on Great Recession. 20 February 2011. 25 April 2014 http://blog.al.com/businessnews/2011/02/birmingham_investment_experts.html>.

Psychology Of Television Essay -- essays research papers

Psychology of Television   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today many people think that television is the cause of violence in today’s youth. Many have pondered that television disturbs traditions as well as interferes with the minds of adolecened children who can not yet comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Thus television has become a widely talked about controversy, mainly because of the fatal incidents that have been occurring during the past couple of years. Questions are being raised and people want answers. What kind of effects does the television have on human beings?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society the public is interested in the detailed information about the content of television. Persons who work in the media are often concerned with what the television portrays and why it portrays the way it does. Even though they know that their shows are representative to their viewers tastes and not that of the “real world.'; Although this information is not acknowledged as fiction or non-fiction it is still portrayed and processed information by the viewer. One must be able to realize, “How this information is different from everyday life?'; By mocking a family, situation, or community, distortions and biases occur on the television when these subjects are compared to “real life.'; Still unsure of these problems the majority of humans watch even when they don’t understand – why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television is a medium of novelty, with each new season bringing new shows with dreamier characters and more enticing situations. These shows are successful because they challenge one’s wisdom if he or she were in the same situation. This is the reason why people are starting to question and be afraid of the pushed boundaries of television. With the dramatic increase of violence in today’s world the programmers are filling ones mind of not wisdom, but the dark escape of violence which makes up the viewers mind for them. The definition of physical violence is stated as these two presented:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any overt depiction of a credible threat of physical force or the actual use of such force intended to physically harm an animated being or group of beings. (National... ... which audience members are said to be “recruited';. Thus, the individual “learns to recognize itself in a series of subject positions...which are the positions from which discourse is intelligible to itself and others (Academic Press, 103). The viewer is not compelled to take a position even though there are different ones offered by the program. In either case it would seem that the logical effect remains within the discourse and does not translate directly to the viewer. The simple answer to the objection is that the reader will not be able to make sense of what he or she sees other than identifying with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that you know some of the ways that television programs can cloud your mind, try and be more observant when you or your little one is sitting in front of the television. You are watching more than “just some thing on TV.'; Television today is getting more violent and graphic, and that is not the worst of it. Programmers are playing with a young child’s mind – with my mind, and even with yours. People just don’t realize it, or they choose to ignore it, until something drastic happens.

Princess Diana Spencer Essay -- biographies bio biography

Princess Diana Spencer As I relax on a Sunday evening, breathe in fresh air before I enter my chamber, I catch a glimpse of something magically beautiful. With a long silk blue dress and a pearl-diamond tiara on her golden hair, the Lady, the Princess, the beauty of the world walks down the steps to the cheering crowds. She gives hope to her people when there is none. Sitting here, I feel her warm smile full of love and joy. This is my Diana, the light of this world! Diana’s childhood was full of wealth but lacked the happiness of a bonded family. Diana was born on a warm first day of July 1961. Diana lived in a very large house that had many facilities where she spent time with her siblings and Prince Andrew and Edward. Diana and her siblings were raised to be on their best behavior, and had self-discipline, respect, and proper etiquette taught by her noble parents. However, her parents started fighting when she was just six years old. The following year her parents divorced. Diana and her siblings were to stay with their father. Even though, nannies and servants took care of Diana and her little brother and sisters, the motherly care was missing. Diana felt abandoned and her soul felt deeply wounded. This was especially true for young Charles who missed his mother in an indescribable way. This was the time when Diana discovered her talent. By opening her heart to others, she numbed her own pain. Diana became a substitute mother for Charl es. She protected him and gave him love and warmth. Then, a scene of horror occurred for the nine-year-old Diana Spencer. Her father decided to send her to a boarding school. Diana was so shy, so vulnerable that it took her a long time before she could finally feel at ease in her new enviro... ...n the evening of Sunday the 31 of August. The coffin was moved several times until it was finally left at St. James’s Palace until the funeral on Saturday, September 6, 1997, in Westminster Abbey. After the funeral, the coffin was taken to the family estate at Althorp, for a private interment. The Princess was buried on an island in the center of an ornamental lake. Once I said that Diana is the light of this world. Now I know that these words were not strong enough. What she gave this world, to us her people is indescribable, but we do not seem to understand this until it is gone. Diana was a remarkable woman who gave light, hope, and love to this world. However, at the moment where she finally gained happiness and freedom she was killed. The harsh world took Diana away and left only the memories of this light, a gift from God, our Princes Diana in our hearts.

Essay --

â€Å"No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; He will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, He will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it.† 1 Corinthians 10:13 Rob & Burgandie Onekea with their two sons Derion (16) and Brandon (13) Rob & Burgandie Onekea with their two sons Derion (16) and Brandon (13) Online purity is a daily battle for many brothers and sisters in Christ. Taking control of your purity is something that is crucial to your spiritual walk with God; indeed, if you are continually losing this struggle, your salvation is at stake. For the Scriptures are forthright, â€Å"But among you there must not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or any kind of impurity or of greed, because these are improper for God’s holy people†¦ For of this you can be sure: No immoral, impure or greedy person – such a man is an idolater – has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and of God.† (Ephesians 5:3-5) Ricardo is moved by his baptism! Ricardo is moved by his baptism! How many of us have been doing great spiritually, when suddenly you receive an email with an inappropriate image inside? Do we easily hit the delete button or are we ensnared the minute that we see the link? David fought a losing battle for purity, as he stood on the rooftop of the palace gazing into the area where Bathsheba was bathing. (2 Samuel 11) David could have chosen to look away, but his sinful desire compelled him to summon her to commit adultery. Sadly, after this affair, Bathsheba told David, â€Å"I am pregnant.† The consequences of David’s sin were many: the death of Uriah the Hittite (Bathsheba’s husband and one of David’s mighty men), the embittering of Ahithophel (Bathsh... ... Net Nanny. Adult websites have a wealth of resources at their disposal, which make it difficult to protect your home from pornography. Therefore, it is key to take things a step further and implement changes on your home computer. We easily spend $60 on the latest version of Halo or taking a family of four to see The Dark Knight, why then the lack of investment for our online purity? Most companies offer trial versions to download for 30 days to see if it works for you. As a brother who is now experiencing the victorious life, I would strongly recommend installing one of these programs. To download a trial version, click here. As our war for online purity continues, let us take up God’s spiritual weapons as well as our modern tools, and fight with everything we have for our salvation, for the salvation of our families and for the salvation of this very lost world.

What Are Sheet-Molding Compounds (Smc)? Bulk-Molding Compounds (Bmc)?

(5). a) What are sheet-molding compounds (SMC)? Bulk-molding compounds (BMC)? Sheet-molding compound (SMC) is a fiber glass reinforced thermosetting compound in sheet form, usually rolled into coils interleaved with plastic film to prevent auto adhesion. Made by dispensing mixed resin, fillers, maturation agent, catalyst and mold release agent onto two moving sheets of polyethylene film. The lower one also contains chopped glass roving or glass mat. SMC can be molded into complex shapes with little scrap.Sheet molding compound (SMC) is fiberglass reinforced composite material, produced in a â€Å"sheet† format Bulk-molding compound (BMC) is a combination of chopped glass strands and  Resin  in the form of a bulk  pre-preg. BMC is suitable for either compression or injection molding. Injection molding of BMC is used to produce complex components such as electrical equipment, car components, housings for electrical appliances and tools, in large industrial volumes. Unlike SMC, it is not necessary to include a maturation stage.Consequently, BMC pre-preg formulations contain higher filler contents. The chopped glass strands vary in length depending on the level of performance required. Reinforcement content generally ranges between 15 and 20 percent; however, it may reach 25 percent for the highest performance. BMC uses lower reinforcement content than SMC and permits higher filler loadings with lower costs. b) List FOUR (4) types of the forms in which reinforcement fibers appear in composite materials?Based on the form of reinforcement, common composite materials can be classified as follows: 1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites) a. Random fiber (short fiber) reinforced composites b. Continuous fiber (long fiber) reinforced composites 2. Particles as the reinforcement (Particulate composites) 3. Flat flakes as the reinforcement (Flake composites) 4. Fillers as the reinforcement (Filler composites) c) Describe the problems involved in rec ycling products made from reinforced plastics.The main problems are that recycling usually requires the use of a single type of material, and that some plastics (mainly hard and brittle polymers) are more difficult to chop into small pieces for further processing than others. With reinforced plastics, this requires that the reinforcement be separated from the matrix, a very difficult task and uneconomical task. Note that matrices are often thermosets, so it is not practical to melt the matrix and separate the fibers from a molten phase.

My Life Has a Purpose

(a short story) My Life has a Purpose One windy afternoon, swaying trees , leaves falling scattered on the road, two newly friends agreed to take a walk to relax. On their way they saw a grocery store and dropped by to buy some snacks. They have reached the park and found a comfortable place under a tree. â€Å"What a tiring day! † said Cecile , the older one as she lean on the tree. She is chubby with a long curly hair and has the asset of beautiful eyes. â€Å"You’re right. Thank God we almost done half of the requirements. † answered Baby . â€Å"It’s relaxing here. She continued as she look around. â€Å" A nice place to charge not just our tired bodies but also stressed minds. † added Cecile as she starts to open a snack. Together they laugh. Baby heard her cellphone beep, someone send her a message. She check her bag looking for the cellphone, she saw her wallet, open it and saw the picture of her mother, brother, and father. While staring at the picture, she didn’t notice tears are falling from her eyes. When Cecile glance at her, she was worried. â€Å"Baby why are you crying? What’s wrong? Are you not feeling well? Tell me. Asked Cecile in a worried voice. â€Å"Don’t worry I’m okay. † Replied Baby while wiping her tears. â€Å" Cecile took her wallet and saw the reason why she cried,- their family picture. Cecile knew that Baby’s parents and only brother already passed away, but don’t have any idea what caused their death. â€Å"Baby if you don’t mind, i want to know how did your parents died, as well as your brother. † Cecile requested, as she look at her waiting for a positive response. Baby glance at her. â€Å" Okay I’ll tell you, but bear with me, I’m emotional. † She replied with a smiling teary eyes.Though 14 years had passed, everything is still fresh in her mind. â€Å" The weather was bad, heavy rains and strong wind, I was alone in the room in the school dormitory around seven o’clock in the evening I heard a strange sound that caught my attention. Suddenly the window opened because of the strong wind. When I was about to close the window, I saw a figure of a woman wearing a white dress seated on one branch of the star apple tree. I didn’t mind it, I closed the window and went back to bed as I waited for my room mate. † She started. Cecile was just quiet listening. That was the night before the real thing happen. † Baby paused for a while. â€Å" what real thing? † Cecile curiously asked. Baby continued as sadness reflected in her eyes. â€Å" The next day, a news came that a child and mother were both drowned in the river. I was shocked when I learned that it was my mother and brother they were talking about. It seems that time, my world collapse. I cried and cried. Together with my classmates and teachers, we go through the bad weather and walked three kilometer s to go home. When I got home, I saw my dad crying with wounded knees. â€Å"Why, what happened to your dad?. Cecile interrupted. â€Å"The three of them were together in that scene,my mother was the first one to fell in the river, my brother saw it then called the attention of our father. My dad upon seeing my mother was drowning, he jumped to save her. The water current was so strong, they couldn’t resist. When my brother saw our parents in that situation he eventually jump to save them but unfortunately, his head bumped on the rock that led to lost of consciousness. His body was carried by the strong current of the river.On the other hand, my father failed to save my mom, he lost sight of her. It was a miracle that my father survived because the river is too wide and the current was too strong with the heavy rains, he bumped a stable big rock where he hung on so that he won’t be carried by the river flow, where he got the wounds on his knees. † With a soft v oice as she continue to relay what had happened that led to the death of both her mother and brother. â€Å"oh! I’m sorry my friend, that was so difficult for you. † Cecile holds her hand to show her sympathy. â€Å"how about their bodies? a question pumped out from her mind as she recall that her father lost sight of her mother when he rescued her, and the part that her brother’s body went with the river flow. â€Å"My brother’s corpse was found on the same day, and it took three weeks for the rescuers , with my dad and relatives, to find my mother’s corpse. † She answered. Cecile became more curious. Many questions lingering in her mind. Baby tried to answer in detailed to satisfy her curiosity. Time was so fast, the sun already sets, the two friends pack up their things, pick up their trashes and place in the garbage can. It’s time to start a walk home.They both lived in the same apartment. The breeze is getting colder. â€Å"So the figure of a woman wearing a white dress you’ve seen the night before they were drowned, could that be a sign that something bad happened to your mom? † asked Cecile while walking. â€Å"hmmm. I don’t think so. I haven’t felt strange that time. † She replied. When they got home Baby put her things in her room and went to the kitchen to make coffee for the both of them. On the other hand, Cecile entered her room to get a sweater After a few minutes, Baby returned to the living room holding two cups of hot coffee to warm themselves.While sipping, Cecile remember to asked about her father. â€Å"Baby how about your father? † Cecile asked. â€Å" He passed away just last year due to complication. † She answered. Since the death of her brother and mother, her father kept on drinking liquor, though she tried to stopped him. His father had a prostate cancer, liver problem, a heart problem that led to his death. At the age of 17, she lost h er mother and brother. There was a point in her life that she asked God why them, there are lot of bad people who deserve to die to stop them from their wickedness.After 14 years, his father followed. â€Å" My friend you are a strong woman, you’ve overcome that challenge in your life. I salute you. † Cecile uttered in serious voice. â€Å"It was not that easy, but with the help of God I did it. Life must go on. Everything happens for a reason. I know God has a great plan for my life, and the things I’ve been through is just a part of the preparation of molding me to be worthy of the plan He has for me. â€Å" Baby replied. Cecile nodded as she agreed to what she said. They went to the kitchen to have their dinner, and there they continued their conversation. A year from now you’ll be graduating as a teacher and I know you’ll be an inspiration to your future students as you have inspired me now. † Cecile’s words of encouragement. â⠂¬Å"To God be the glory. Thank you my friend. Actually I don’t really expect that I could go back to school to pursue my studies. Aside from that, i didn’t dream of becoming a teacher. But here I am because of the goodness of the Lord , He will use me in this field. You too, you’ll be a successful businesswoman someday. † She responded. â€Å"God’s will. Said Cecile as she refill her plate with rice. â€Å" Should I call you ma’am Baby Girl or ma’am Ritchie? Ha ha. † â€Å" Of course I preferred the latter one, I’m already a big girl! † Their laughters echoed in every corner of the room. Her real name is Ritchie Biasura, calling her baby girl started when she got a copy of her birth certificate from the NSO, where Baby Girl Biasura was the written name. Her updated records was not yet forwarded from the local civil registrar to the NSO main office. She was advised to check her records and fix whatever problems bef ore graduation.

College App

â€Å"Where are you from? † My stomach tightens and my mouth goes dry as I rack my brain for an answer that doesn't Involve explaining my entire life story. My anxiety over such a simple question may seem unnecessary, but I have spent the past seventeen years trying to come up with a suitable answer to that same question. I have grown up a proud daughter of a united States Army soldier, and in my father's line of work, never knowing where we'll be sent next is part of the job description. I was born in New York and from there moved to Georgia. Then we moved to Rhode Island, back to New York, Kansas,Virginia, and finally Washington. That's seven states. Not to mention, I have attended six different public schools and lived in seven different houses. You could say I've always been the new girl. My life is not Just in brown cardboard boxes though; it's picking up and moving at any given time. What can I say In response to this question? Should I say the snow drifts in New York be cause that's where I was born? Or should I say the rolling hills of Kansas because three years Is the longest Vive spent In one place? Some may feel sorry for me, but I couldn't Imagine Miming any other way.We are not defined by a geographic location, but rather the challenges we face and how we learn from them. Unexpected deployments and goodbyes have shown me that some lessons are harder than others, but I know that I am heading towards a bright future. Through my travels I have experienced a wide range of cultures and lifestyles that some can only dream of. Being an Army brat has made me adaptable, flexible, and empathic. So, a simple answer to this question Just wouldn't do my story Justice. I take a deep breath, smile, and say â€Å"I'm from everywhere. †

How do generic conventions inform your understanding of Macbeth? Essay

The tragedy of Macbeth is his â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† In this famous play, William Shakespeare positions the audience to feel pity towards the protagonist involved, and potentially the protagonist is the tragic hero. But in the play, Macbeth, how does he do this? Shakespeare positions us to feel pity for Macbeth, the protagonist, by using generic, dramatic and theatrical conventions such as soliloquies, hamartia and symbolism. My understanding of the play Macbeth, is shaped by Shakespeare’s use of generic conventions to represent the characters inner turmoil and through this, their tragic flaws. Specifically, soliloquies are used to reveal Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s inner turmoil as they lose their sanity for power. The first soliloquy in Macbeth is said by Lady Macbeth which reveals her inner turmoil about the letter she receives from Macbeth, as she worries that he may not be strong enough to kill Duncan, and through this her tragic flaw is revealed . As the witches prediction about Macbeth to become â€Å"Thane of Glamis and Cawdor† comes true, she is lured into the trap of believing that he will become king however worries that he is too much of a coward to make it happen. Act 1 Scene 5, line 6, â€Å"Yet do thy nature; It is too full o’ milk of human nature†. It’s evident that through the term â€Å"o’milk of human nature† symbolises the milk of a human and the only kind of human that produces milk is a female. Milk only comes from the female when she is a mother and mothers are traditionally nurturing and kind. So Lady Macbeth is saying that Macbeth is quite feminine in the way of his kindness. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth thinks Macbeth doesn’t have the ruthless nature like she does to strike aggressively at a first opportunity to have power and even though he wants power, his â€Å"nature† is too kind to be king in the evil way that she plans to do it. When receiving news that the king is going to stay at the Macbeth castle, she feels she must be the one to kill Duncan in order for Macbeth to become king and her to be queen, however in the soliloquy after she received the news, she talks to the â€Å"spirits† about how willing she is to do the deed to get the power and seize the throne. Although at the same time, it touches on the theme of masculinity, â€Å"tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 31. â€Å"Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 38. Both quotes suggest the different sex, â€Å"unsex me here†, by changing sex Lady Macbeth feels she would be more masculine, than she is now, as a man. With the second quote mentioning â€Å"milk†, this suggests womanhood, represented by milk and breasts, symbolising nurture and compassion and she says she has this as well as her ruthlessness but wants to be more cruel, â€Å"of direct cruelty! Make thick my blood† Act 1 Scene 5, line 33. When all of her plans and inner turmoil is revealed to us, her hamartia suddenly becomes clearer – her flaw is that she is extremely power hungry and will do anything to feed it, however this results in her downfall as she turns insane from her guilty conscience of manipulating Macbeth, simply because she is too cowardice to do her own business. Macbeth’s first soliloquy in the play portrays him to be his sane self, making the agonizing decision of whether he should go through with the evil deed of assassinating King Duncan. In his decision he puts into account King Duncan’s qualities, â€Å"this Duncan, hath borne his faculties so meek,† Act 1 Scene 7, line 16, and his loyalty and faith towards the king, â€Å"He is here in bought trust†¦as I am his kinsman†¦then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife himself† Act 1 Scene 7, line 12, which represents the kind nature of Macbeth, not wanting to go through with seizing the throne by murdering Duncan because he likes Duncan as he is a strong and humble leader. He also describes that his death would be showered with, â€Å"angels, trumpet-tongued,† Act 1 Scene 7. Angels are a representation of heaven and heaven is symbolised as good which means Duncan will go to heaven if he dies because of his goodness. This reminds us how severe and alarming it is to kill a human being just for power and Macbeth realises this also, this is seen through the use of language, â€Å"Bloody instructions† and â€Å"our poisoned chalice† and â€Å"deep damnation† and through this, an image of darkness is made which makes it clear to us that Macbeth knows what he could do is wrong and if he does it he will be forever in a world of sin. At the same time, the one only reason Macbeth wants to proceed in the deed is his ambition to become powerful, â€Å"but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† Act 1 Scene 7, line 27. The only thing motivating him is his ambition, however Macbeth knows ambition could lead him on towards disaster, (coincidentally it did) therefore decides not to go along with his wife’s plans. Although after his soliloquy when he admits to Lady Macbeth he doesn’t want to carry on with the plan, Lady Macbeth threatens Macbeth that he will no longer be a man in her eyes but a coward and that she might never love him again if he doesn’t kill Duncan. This affects Macbeth’s inner turmoil because as a man, he like to show his bravery and have courage and by going against his wife could damage his masculinity and so carries on with the play. My understanding of Macbeth’s tragic flaw, as evidenced in this soliloquy, is that he doesn’t want to damage his pride, his masculinity or his ambition and this, then, leads to his downfall. The next soliloquy used by Macbeth reveals to the audience that the pressure of killing the king is finally taking a turn on his mind. In his speech, Macbeth makes accusations of seeing a dagger, identical to his, in front of him however he becomes confused when he can’t decide what is happening. At first, when the dagger appears he believes it to be a â€Å"false creation† which is a hallucination, as he has already tried to grab it but failed, caused by a â€Å"Heat- oppressà ¨d brain†, in other words, he’s ill. Then just after saying this, he believes that it’s something different, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going,† Act 2 Scene 1. The meaning for this quote is that the dagger is pointing him in the direction that he is going and this symbolises and proves that his decision to kill the king is already set in motion. The direction of the dagger may have been just his mind but could have been witchcraft also†¦ 3â€Å"Witchcraft celebrates, Pale Hecate’s offerings,† Since Macbeth already believes the witches, there is no other reasons not to disagree with them. Macbeth’s tragic flaw of his self-pride of masculinity, ambition and lust for power ends up in his downfall of insanity from confusion and stress and later on in the play he metaphorically â€Å"plummets to his death† as he loses control of his paranoia. Shakespeare positions the audience, with monologues like this, to see that Macbeth is stressed, scared and confused about the act he is about to commit, this slowly leads him to lose his sanity just so he can please his wife, achieve his goal of ambition and protect his pride and masculinity. My understanding of Macbeth is greatly shaped by generic conventions such a soliloquies. Throughout the play soliloquies were used to explain the main character’s inner turmoil. Macbeth appeared to be a power greed murder that stopped at nothing to be the king of Scotland. However through soliloquies, it was clear to me that this was his hamartia and his tragic flaw, which made him this way, was that he was ambitious, proud of his masculinity and courage. So when Lady Macbeth threatens him and names him a coward for not killing Duncan, he want does it to protect his pride. This makes us pity him as he had no choice and becomes insane from the paranoia and guilty conscience. In my opinion, I think Shakespeare had a message of purpose of Macbeth and that was to show the audience that ambition and desire is destructive and no matter how much a person wants power, they should never let it overcome them.

Intercultural Communication and Ecclesial Intergration African Research Paper

Intercultural Communication and Ecclesial Intergration African American - Research Paper Example A decade later, the African slaves were taken to New York, known as New Amsterdam by then (African American History Timeline, n.p.). By the year 1690, all the colonies of USA had African slaves. The African slaves in USA were later given American citizenship when USA became independent in 1776. In the year 1739, the African slaves at Stono, in North Carolina revolted against the oppressions that their masters subjected them to. This revolt is known as Stono revolt (African American History Timeline, n.p.). This revolt, however, did not stop the oppression of the African slaves by their masters. The importation of African slaves was banned by the USA Congress in the year 1808. In the 19th century, many Africans immigrated to American in USA in search of greener pasture; many of the African immigrants later became American citizens. The African immigrants, therefore, constitute a significant percentage of African Americans. Although Catholicism was brought to America in the early 16th century by the Spanish explorers, African American Catholics, however, could not be identified and defined as a distinct group of Catholics in the United States until in the mid 19th century (Fisher, 52). This fact can be attributed to the oppression and the marginalization that the Africans had experienced in the USA. In the mid of 19th century, the slaves of the Catholic planters were baptized into Catholicism in the Maryland state (Fisher, 52). The formation of the first African American Catholic community in USA can be attributed to the migration of slave owners from Maryland to Kentucky in the early 19th century. With the migration of slave owners in the early 19th century, the African slaves formed their community in the Nelson County area. With the formation of a community of African American slave community, the African American Catholics became a distinct group of American Catholics. The African American Catholics, therefore, gained prominence in the early 19th

Critical analysis of the learning environment in the community Essay

Critical analysis of the learning environment in the community - Essay Example Modern nursing is changing with new roles and working practices. They are leaders, coordinators, teachers and practitioners. There is still a need for nurses to care for patients in hospitals, but much nursing practice now takes place in the GP surgery, in peoples homes and in specialist clinics in the community. Laschinger (1992) used the Kolb’s learning theory (ELT) to study 179 generic baccalaureate students’ perception of the contributions of different types of nursing learning environments to development of adaptive competences. Nursing learning environments were thought to contribute most to divergent competencies, reflecting the importance of both people-oriented and scientific skills in nursing. However it was found that clinical experience and senior preceptorship experience contributed significantly more to the development of these competencies than typical nursing classes and non-nourishing classes. Besides, the students considered assimilative competencies such as leading and influencing others relatively unimportant to successful functioning in nursing learning environments. The preparation for the practice of professional nursing occurs in the early training program for nurses that integrate liberal arts and sciences, as well as nursing theory and practice. Beside s this program need to develop altruistic values, an understanding of and appreciation for the social and ethical issues of life in a global society, the conceptualization and synthesis of general education and nursing knowledge and the development of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor skills and behaviors to function as a caring, beginning practitioner in nursing. The clinical learning environment creates many opportunities for student learning and the development of critical competencies in the nursing profession. The learning that takes place in this environment, however, confronts the first year nursing